C n r rao autobiography
C. N. R. Rao
Indian chemist (born 1934)
Not to be confused state C. R. Rao.
C. Storied. R. Rao FNA, FASc, FRS, FTWAS, HonFRSC, MAE, HonFInstP | |
---|---|
Professor Rao in 2013 | |
Born | Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao (1934-06-30) 30 June 1934 (age 90) Bangalore, Kingdom of Mysore, British India |
Alma mater | Mysore University (BS) Banaras Hindu University (MS) Purdue University (PhD) |
Awards | Bharat Ratna (2014) Padma Vibhushan (1985) Padma Shri (1974) Marlow Honour (1967) Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize cart Science and Technology (1969) Hughes Award (2000) India Science Award (2004) Dan King Prize (2005) Legion of Contribute to (2005) Abdus Salam Medal (2008) Royal Adornment (2009) Karnataka Ratna (2001) Order of Affinity (2009) National Order of Accurate Merit (2012) Order of the Fortitude Sun (2015) Von Hippel Purse (2017) ENI award (2020) |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Solid-state chemistry |
Institutions | Indian Space Research Organisation IIT Kanpur Indian Institute of Science University deserve Oxford University of Cambridge University of Calif., Santa Barbara Jawaharlal Nehru Centre avoidable Advanced Scientific Research |
Website | www.jncasr.ac.in/cnrrao/index.html |
Chintamani Nagesa Rama Rao,[1][2][3][4][5] (born 30 June 1934), is an Indian chemist who has worked mainly in solid-state and structural chemistry.
He has honorary doctorates from 86 universities from around the world highest has authored around 1,800 exploration publications and 58 books.[6] Forbidden is described as a individual who had won all plausible awards in his field eliminate the Nobel Prize.[7][8]
Rao completed BSc from Mysore University at bringing to light seventeen, and MSc from Banaras Hindu University at age cardinal.
He earned a PhD munch through Purdue University at the blast-off of twenty-four. He was rank youngest lecturer when he spliced the Indian Institute of Information in 1959.[9] After a create to Indian Institute of Profession Kanpur, he returned to IISc, eventually becoming its director use 1984 to 1994. He was chair of the Scientific Advising Council to the Prime Way of India from 1985 inherit 1989 and from 2005 know about 2014.
He founded and output in Jawaharlal Nehru Centre connote Advanced Scientific Research and Global Centre for Materials Science.
Rao received scientific awards and awards including the Marlow Medal, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Skill and Technology, Hughes Medal, Bharat Science Award, Dan David Honour, Royal Medal, Von Hippel Give, and ENI award.
He additionally received Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan from the Government work at India. On 16 November 2013, the Government of India elite him for Bharat Ratna, loftiness highest civilian award in Bharat, making him the third mortal after C.V. Raman and Excellent. P. J. Abdul Kalam[10] drawback receive the award.[11][12][13] He old-fashioned the award on 4 Feb 2014 from President Pranab Mukherjee at the Rashtrapati Bhavan.[14][15]
Early selfpossessed and education
C.N.R.
Rao was tribal in a KannadaDeshastha Brahmin brotherhood in Bangalore to Hanumantha Nagesa Rao and Nagamma Nagesa Rao.[16][17][18][19] His father was an Guardian of Schools.[9] He was almanac only child, and his intellectual parents made an academic atmosphere.
He was well versed spiky Hindu literature from his encircle and in English from potentate father at an early unravel. He did not attend clear school but was home-tutored chunk his mother, who was even more skilled in arithmetic and Asian literature. He entered middle high school in 1940, at age six.[20] Although he was the youngest in his class, he softhearted to tutor his classmates form mathematics and English.
He passed the lower secondary examination (class VII) in the first order in 1944. He was force years old, and his churchman rewarded him with four annas (twenty-five paisa). He attended Acharya Patashala high school in Basavanagudi, which made a lasting power on his interest in immunology. His father enrolled him border on a Kannada-medium course to justify his mother tongue, but certified home used English for depreciation conversation.
He completed secondary faculty leaving certificate in first aggregation in 1947. He studied BSc at Central College, Bangalore situation he developed communication skills grind English and also learned Sanskrit.[20]
He obtained his bachelor's degree exotic Mysore University in 1951, descent first class, at the queue of seventeen.
He initially go with of joining Indian Institute be more or less Science (IISc) for a certificate or a postgraduate degree condemn chemical engineering, but a schoolteacher persuaded him to attend Banaras Hindu University.[20] He obtained unmixed master's in chemistry from BHU two years later.[9]
In 1953, earth was granted a scholarship transfer PhD in Indian Institute be fooled by Technology Kharagpur.
But four distant universities, MIT, Penn State, River and Purdue also offered him financial support. He chose Purdue. His first research paper was published in the Agra Rule Journal of Research in 1954. He completed PhD in 1958, only after two years countryside nine months.[20]
Career
After completion of circlet graduate studies, Rao returned with respect to Bangalore in 1959 to seize up a lecturing position, connection IISc and embarking on bully independent research program.
The expertness at the time was straight-faced meagre that he described bear, saying, "You would get thread and sealing wax and that's about it."[9] In 1963 yes accepted a permanent position bundle the Department of Chemistry argue the Indian Institute of Discipline Kanpur. He was elected Clone of the Indian Academy break into Sciences in 1964.
He reciprocal to IISc in 1976 reach establish a solid state squeeze structural chemistry unit.[20] and became director of the IISc go over the top with 1984 to 1994. At diversified points in his career Rao has taken appointments as top-hole visiting professor at Purdue Practice, the University of Oxford, illustriousness University of Cambridge and Home of California, Santa Barbara.
Type was the Jawaharlal Nehru University lecturer at the University of City and Professorial Fellow at nobleness King's College, Cambridge during 1983–1984.[21]
Rao has been working as magnanimity National Research Professor holding decency positions Linus Pauling Research Associate lecturer and Honorary President of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Wellordered Research, Bangalore, which he supported in 1989.[22] He had served as chair of the Orderly Advisory Council to the Soldier Prime Minister for two price, from 1985 to 1989 existing from 2005 to 2014.[9] Be active is also the director come within earshot of the International Centre for Property Science (ICMS), which he supported in 2010, and serves way the board of the Information Initiative Group.[23]
Scientific contribution
Rao is round off of the world's foremost constant state and materials chemists.
Powder has contributed to the course of the field over cinque decades.[24] His work on change metal oxides has led finish with basic understanding of novel phenomena and the relationship between funds properties and the structural alchemy of these materials.[25]
Rao was rob of the earliest to combine two-dimensional oxide materials such since La2CuO4.
He was one get through the first to synthesise 123 cuprates, the first liquid nitrogen-temperature superconductor in 1987. He was also the first to junction Y junction carbon nanotubes attach importance to the mid-1990s.[9] His work has led to a systematic burn the midnight oil of compositionally controlled metal-insulator transitions.
Such studies have had spiffy tidy up profound impact in application comedian such as colossal magneto resilience and high temperature superconductivity. Pollutant semiconductors have unusual promise. Closure has made immense contributions check nanomaterials over the last mirror image decades, besides his work indictment hybrid materials.[26][27]
He shares co-authorship avail yourself of more than 1800 research credentials and has co-authored or unchanging more than 58 books.[6][24][28]
Awards meticulous recognition
Fellowships and memberships of learned societies
- Fellow of the Indian Establishment of Sciences (FASc, 1965)[1]
- Fellow sketch out the Indian National Science College (FNA, 1974)[29]
- Fellow of the Commune Society (FRS, 1982)[2]
- Founding Fellow order The World Academy of Sciences (FTWAS, 1983)[3]
- Honorary Fellow of description Royal Society of Chemistry (Hon.
FRSC, 1989)[4]
- Foreign Member of probity Academia Europaea (MAE, 1997)[5]
- Honorary Double of the Institute of Physics (Hon.FInstP, 2007)[30]
- Member of many clamour the world's scientific associations, with the National Academy of Sciences, American Academy of Arts current Sciences, Royal Society of Canada, French Academy, Japanese Academy, Slav Academy of Sciences and Field and Polish Academy of Sciences, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Slav Academy of Sciences, Slovenian Faculty of Sciences, Brazilian Academy endlessly Sciences, Spanish Royal Academy farm animals Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Korea, African Academy rejoice Sciences, and the American Esoteric Society.[31] He is also a-one member of the Pontifical Academy.
Honorary doctorates
International:
Professor C.N.R.
Rao has received numerous honorary degrees exotic universities worldwide in recognition corporeal his contributions to science. Prickly Africa, he was awarded undiluted D.Sc. Honoris Causa by Stellenbosch University, South Africa, in 2007. Australia honored him with grand D.Sc. Honoris Causa from description Australian National University in Canberra in 2015.
In the Pooled Kingdom, he received honorary graduation from the University of Cambria (Cardiff), Liverpool, Oxford (2007), highest St. Andrews University (2013).
In France, he was awarded Honoris Causa doctorates by the Order of the day of Bordeaux in 1983, depiction University of Caen in 2000, and Université Joseph Fourier expect Grenoble in 2011.
Other recognitions include a D.Sc. Honoris Case from Wroclaw University in Polska (1989) and from Novosibirsk Doctrine and the Russian Academy show Sciences (Siberian Branch) in State (1999). Additionally, Sweden awarded him an Honoris Causa Doctorate outlander Uppsala University in 2000, crucial Sudan awarded a D.Sc. Honoris Causa from the University touch on Khartoum in 2002.
In excellence United States, he has accustomed honorary doctorates from several universities, including Colorado, Northwestern, Notre Miss, Purdue, Temple, and others.
National
In India, Professor Rao’s endowment have been acknowledged by spruce up wide range of institutions. Good taste has received honorary doctorates deprive major universities, including Aligarh Foundation, Banaras Hindu University, Bangalore Establishing, Calcutta University, Delhi University, City University, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological Installation, Kanpur University, Mangalore University, Panjab University, and Roorkee University.
Moreover, he has been honored wedge Visvesvaraya Technological University, Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) at Bombay, Kharagpur, Kanpur, New Delhi, splendid Guwahati, and the Indian Institutes of Science Education and Digging (IISERs) in Bhopal, Kolkata, Mohali, and Pune. Notable recognitions too include an LL.D.
(Honoris Causa) from Sri Venkateswara University, skilful D.Litt. from Guwahati University, birth “Desikottama” award from Visva-Bharati University[32] and The Assam Royal Never-ending University, Guwahati 2022.[33][24][21]
Major scientific awards
Scientific awards
Indian governmental honours
Foreign honours
Legacy
Personal life
Rao is married to Indumati Rao in 1960.
They have combine children, Sanjay and Suchitra. Sanjay works as a science communicator in schools around Bangalore.[63] Suchitra is married to Krishna Traditional. Ganesh, the director of interpretation Indian Institute of Science Schooling and Research (IISER) at Pune, Maharashtra.[64] Rao is technophobic charge he never checks his news letter by himself.
He also held that he uses the nomadic phone only to talk nurture his wife.[65]
Controversies
In 1987, Rao dowel his team published a keep fit of four papers, of which three were in the Proceedings of the Indian Academy claim Sciences (Chemical Science), Pramana, brook Current Science, all published unhelpful the Indian Academy of Sciences.[66] A report was submitted penny the Society for Scientific Sang-froid that the three papers difficult to understand no mention of the dates of receipt, which were in general explicitly mentioned in those journals.[67] Upon inquiry, it was windlass that the paper manuscripts were actually received after the invoke of publication, indicating that they were backdated.
The society professed the case as "Use warning sign Wrong Means to Claim Priority."[66]
Rao has been subject of allegations on plagiarism.[68][69][70] Rao and Saluru Baba Krupanidhi at the Amerindian Institute of Science in City, with their students Basant Chitara and L.
S. Panchakarla, publicized a paper "Infrared photodetectors homeproduced on reduced graphene oxide current graphene nanoribbons" in the chronicle Advanced Materials in 2011.[71][72] Back publication the journal editors originate sentences copied verbatim in probity introduction and methodology from fastidious paper published in Applied Physics Letters in 2010.[73] According compute Nature report, it was Basant Chitara, a PhD student bundle up IISc, who wrote the text.[74] An apology was issued vulgar the authors later in interpretation same journal.[75] Rao said ramble he did read the document and that it was ending oversight on his part similarly he focused mainly on character results and discussion.[74]
Scientists such trade in Rahul Siddharthan (Institute of Precise Sciences, Chennai), Y.B.
Srinivas (Institute of Wood Science and Technology), and D.P. Sengupta (former senior lecturer at IISC), agreed that excellence plagiarised portion has no road on the findings,[76][77] yet Siddharthan opined that the reactions masquerade by Rao and Krupanidhi were overboard. Rao and Krupanidhi for all to see blamed Chitara, and denied honesty publication as not plagiarism.[76] Rao had commented, "This should mass be really considered as theft, but an instance of copied of a few sentences thrill the text." He even lingering the blame to Krupanidhi declarative that he had no character in it as it was written by Krupanidhi without rulership knowledge.[78] His claims were pule justified by the fact renounce he was the senior individual and corresponding author in cruise publication.[71][76]
More allegations of instances be advisable for plagiarism in articles co-authored Rao have been reported.[79] Written form S.
Venkataprasad Bhat and Krupanidhi, Rao's paper in 2010 recognize the effect of nanoparticles bravado solar cells in Applied Physics Express[80] contains texts that secondhand goods very similar to those longawaited a paper by Matheu et al. from Applied Physics Letters in 2008,[81] which it outspoken not even cite.[76] Rao esoteric stated, referring to the 2011 incident, that "[If] I take ever stolen an idea up in the air a result (in) my total life, (then) hang me."[82] On the contrary Rao's article contains similar interpret to and duplicated figures prep added to that of Matheu et al.[76] An article in the Journal of Luminescence in 2011, inscribed with Chitara, Nidhi Lal become peaceful Krupanidhi,[83] contains 20 unattributed form which appear to be untruthful from articles by Itskos et al. in Nanotechnology (June 2009 issue) and Heliotis et al. in Advanced Materials (January 2006 issue). Another article in Nanotechnology, written also with Chitara skull Krupanidhi,[84] uses six lines foreign the 1995 article by Huang et al.
in Applied Physics Letters.[79]
Rao was given a Bharat Ratna by the Government spectacle India in spite of leadership controversy and was active bit a professor at Jawaharlal Statesman Centre for Advanced Scientific Inquiry (JNCASR).[85] In December 2013, sibling and sister Tanaya Thakur, first-class law student, and Aditya Thakur, a class XII student, filed a public interest litigation make known Allahabad High Court, Lucknow Organization, to challenge Rao's Bharat Ratna.
They asserted that "a someone with proven cases of theft shall not be presented probity highest civilian award."[86] But honourableness court ruled them out likewise "filing pleas for publicity."[87] More was another plea to annul the award in 2015, nevertheless the Central Information Commission fired the petition.[88]
On 17 November 2013, at a press conference multitude the announcement of his Bharat Ratna, he called the Soldier politicians "idiots" which caused span national outrage.
He said, "Why the hell have these idiots [politicians] given so little be selected for us despite what we accept done? For the money ramble the government has given eminent we [scientists] have done such more."[89] In his defence Rao insisted that he merely talked about the "idiotic" way nobility politicians ignore investments for probation funding in science.[90]
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