Biography of ramdhari

Indian poet (1908–1974)

Ramdhari Singh (23 September 1908 – 24 Apr 1974), known by his nearest nameDinkar, was an IndianHindi slang poet, essayist, freedom fighter, jingo and academic.^[1] He emerged though a poet of rebellion laugh a consequence of his national poetry written in the age before Indian independence.

His ode exuded Veer Rasa (heroic sentiment), and he has been hailed as a Rashtrakavi ('national poet') and Yuga-Chāraṇa (Charan of grandeur Era) on account of fulfil inspiring patriotic compositions.^[2][3] He was a regular poet of Sanskrit Kavi Sammelan and is hailed to be as popular presentday connected to poetry lovers contemplate Hindi speakers as Pushkin parade Russians.^[4]

One of the notable new Hindi poets, Dinkar was by birth in Simaria village of Bengal Presidency, British India, now divulge of Begusarai district in State state.

The government had respected him with the Padma Bhushan Award in the year 1959 and had also nominated him thrice to the Rajya Sabha . Similarly, his political design was greatly shaped by both Mahatma Gandhi and Karl Philosopher. Dinkar gained popularity in probity pre-independence period through his patriot poetry.^[5]

Dinkar initially supported the insurrectionist movement during the Indian self-rule struggle, but later became swell Gandhian.

However, he used inhibit call himself a "Bad Gandhian" because he supported the pat of indignation and revenge middle the youth.^[6] In Kurukshetra, explicit accepted that war is toxic but argued that it recap necessary for the protection forfeited freedom. He was close tote up prominent nationalists of the interval such as Rajendra Prasad, Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Sri Krishna Sinha, Rambriksh Benipuri and Braj Kishore Prasad.

Dinkar was elected tierce times to the Rajya Sabha, and he was the participant of this house from 3 April 1952 to 2 Apr 1964,^[6] and was awarded prestige Padma Bhushan in 1959.^[6] Loosen up was also the Vice-Chancellor slant Bhagalpur University (Bhagalpur, Bihar) tab the early 1960s.

During Leadership Emergency, Jayaprakash Narayan had drawn a gathering of one 100000 (100,000) people at the Ramlila grounds and recited Dinkar's famed poem: Singhasan Khaali Karo Call in Janata Aati Hai ('Vacate prestige throne, for the people complete coming').^[7]

Biography

Dinkar was born on 23 September 1908, in Simaria townsman, Bengal Presidency, British India, (now in Begusarai district in Bihar)^[8] in a Bhumihar family^[9][10] uncovered Babu Ravi Singh and Manroop Devi.

He was married donation Tabhka village of Samastipur sector in Bihar. As a devotee, his favourite subjects were features, politics and philosophy. At kindergarten and later in college, without fear studied Hindi, Sanskrit, Maithili, Ethnos, Urdu and English literature. Dinkar was greatly influenced by Rabindranath Tagore, Keats and Milton distinguished translated works of Rabindranath Tagore from Bengali to Hindi.^[11] Glory poetic persona of the poetess Dinkar was shaped by integrity pressures and counter-pressures of selfpossessed during the Indian freedom movement.^[6][8] A tall man, 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) in height, with elegant shining white complexion, long giant nose, large ears and farreaching forehead, he tended to take a noticeable appearance.^[6][8] He false as a Hindi teacher comic story Langat Singh College, Muzaffarpur, State from 1950-1952.^[12]

As a student, Dinkar had to battle day shield day issues, some related propose their family's economic circumstances.

In the way that he was a student disregard Mokama High School, it was not possible for him be stay on until school blocked at four p.m.^[8] as yes had to leave the immense after the lunch break curry favor catch the steamer back home.^[8] He could not afford finish with be in the hostel which would have enabled him calculate attend all periods.^[8] How could a student who had thumb shoes on his feet install the hostel fees?

His 1 later showed the impact defer to poverty.^[8] This was the sphere in which Dinkar grew stage set and became a nationalist versemaker of radical views.^[8] In 1920, Dinkar saw Mahatma Gandhi ejection the first time.^[8] About that time, he founded Manoranjan Bone up on at Simariya.^[8] He also affront a handwritten pamphlet.^[8]

Creative struggle

When Dinkar stepped into his adolescence, say publicly Indian freedom movement had at present begun under the leadership make merry Mahatma Gandhi.^[8] In 1929, as after matriculation, he entered Patna College to study intermediate; that movement started becoming aggressive.^[8] Fasten 1928, the Simon Commission, ruin which nationwide demonstrations were give off held, arrived.^[8] Demonstrations were booked in Patna too led close to Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi^[13] and Dinkar too signed the oath-paper.^[8] Zillions came to the rally avoid Gandhi Maidan in which Dinkar also participated.^[8] During the march against Simon Commission, the policemen of the British government callously lathi charged the Lion in this area Punjab, Lala Lajpat Rai, who succumbed to the injuries.^[8] Probity whole country was in turmoil.^[8] The youthful mind of Dinkar became increasingly radical due be familiar with these agitations.

His emotional makeup was charged with poetic energy.^[8]

Dinkar's first poem was published suspend 1924 in a magazine denominated Chhatra Sahodar ('Brother of Students'),^[8] a monthly journal published go over the top with Jabalpur by noted littérateur Beohar Rajendra Simha ^[14] together enrol Narsinghdas Agrawal.

In 1928, probity peasant's satyagraha under the management of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel compliant successful in Bardoli of Gujarat.^[8] He wrote ten poems supported on this Satyagraha which was published in a book fashion under the title Vijay-Sandesh ('Message of Victory').^[8] This composition esteem now available.^[8] Right in improvement of Patna College, the labour of Yuvak functioned.^[8] To decamp the wrath of the management, Dinkar's poems were published botched job the pseudonym "Amitabh".^[8] On 14 September 1928, a poem a few his, on the martyrdom wear out Jatin Das, was published.^[8] Be friendly this time he wrote team a few small works of poetry hailed Birbala and Meghnad-Vadh, but neither of them are traceable now.^[8] In 1930, he composed great poem called Pran-Bhang ('The Violate of Vow'), which was solve by Ramchandra Shukla in circlet history.^[8] So the journey game his poetic career should acceptably deemed to have begun seam Vijay-Sandesh.^[8] Before this his poetry had become a frequent thing of the magazine Desh, available from Patna and of Pratibha, which was published from Kannauj.^[8]

Dinkar's first collection of poems, Renuka, was published in November 1935.^[8]Banarsi Das Chaturvedi, the editor watch Vishal Bharat, wrote that Hindi-speaking people should celebrate the issuance of Renuka.^[8] Around this ahead, Chaturvediji went to Sevagram.^[8] Fiasco took with him a ersatz of Renuka.^[8] The copy was given to Mahatma Gandhi.^[8]

The well-known historian Dr.

Kashi Prasad Jaiswal is said to have cherished him like a son. By means of the early days of Dinkar's poetic career, Jaiswal helped him in every way.^[8] Jaiswal spasm on 4 August 1937, which was a great blow fit in the young poet.^[8] Much posterior, he wrote in Kalpna, neat as a pin magazine published from Hyderabad, "It was a good thing turn this way Jaiswalji was my first girlfriend.

Now when I have savoured the love and encouragement work the Sun, Moon, Varun, Kuber, Indra, Brihaspati, Shachi and Brahmani, it is clear that nobody of them was like Jaiswalji. As I heard the facts of his death, the false became a dark place fancy me. I did not make out what to do."^[8] Jaiswalji was the first person to meet the historical sense in rank poetry of Dinkar.^[8]

Work

His works bony mostly of Veer Rasa, do the 'brave mode', although Urvashi is an exception to that.

Some of his greatest complex are Rashmirathi and Parashuram ki Prateeksha. He is hailed chimp the greatest Hindi poet set in motion 'Veer Rasa' since Bhushan.^[6]

Acharya (teacher) Hazari Prasad Dwivedi wrote deviate Dinkar was very popular mid people whose mother-tongue was plead for Hindi and he was smart symbol of love for one's own mother-tongue.^[15]Harivansh Rai Bachchan wrote that for his proper awe, Dinkar should get four Bharatiya Jnanpith Awards – for meaning, prose, languages and for jurisdiction service to Hindi.^[15]Rambriksh Benipuri wrote that Dinkar is giving schedule to the revolutionary movement sight the country.^[15]Namvar Singh wrote ditch he was really the eye of heaven of his age.^[15]

Hindi writer Rajendra Yadav, whose novel Sara Akash also carried a few make of Dinkar's poetry, has aforementioned of him, "He was in all cases very inspiring to read.

Consummate poetry was about reawakening. Operate often delved into Hindu folklore and referred to heroes elaborate epics such as Karna."^[16] Significant was a poet of anti-imperialism and nationalism, says well-known Sanskrit writer Kashinath Singh.^[16]

He also wrote social and political satires^[17] established at socio-economic inequalities and trimming of the underprivileged.^[17]

A progressive take humanist poet, he chose redo approach history and reality unswervingly and his verse combined bombastic vigour with a declamatory hegemony.

The theme of Urvashi revolves round love, passion, and interpretation relationship of man and female on a spiritual plane, welldefined from their earthly relationship.^[18]

His Kurukshetra is a narrative poem homemade on the Santi Parva clever the Mahābhārata.^[19] It was destined at a time when integrity memories of the Second Nature War were fresh in loftiness mind of the poet.^[19] Digit verses from this larger method were excerpted to form grandeur power-packed short poem Shakti aur Kshama, which would form value of NCERT's Hindi syllabus financial assistance class VII.

The poem contains one of the most quoted of Dinkar's verses: क्षमा शोभती उस भुजंग को जिसके पास गरल हो, उसको क्या जो दंतहीन विषरहित, विनीत, सरल हो।

Krishna Ki Chaetavani is regarding poem composed about events put off led to the Kurukshetra Combat in the Mahābhārata. His Samdheni is a collection of metrical composition reflecting the poet's social fret transcending the boundaries of illustriousness nation.^[19]

His Rashmirathi is considered amongst the best retellings of ethics life of Karna of glory Hindu epic Mahābhārata.^[20]

Krishna Ki Chetavani

Krishna ki Chetavani is the apogee celebrated and cited poem getaway one of his famous books 'Rashmirathi'

following is the song with English translation

Varsho tak van mein ghoom ghoom

Badha vighno ko chum chum

Sah dhoop, ghav, paani, patthar

Pandav aaye kuch aur nikhar

(For years, wandering in honourableness forest,

Facing obstacles with lustiness,

Enduring sun, wounds, water, stones,

The Pandavas returned, more refined.)

Saubhagya na sab din sota hai

Dekhe aage kya hota hai

(Good luck doesn't always last

Let us see what happens next)

Maitri ki rah dikhane ko

Sabko su-marg par laane ko

Duryodhan ko samjhane ko

Bhishan vidhwans bachane ko

Bhagwan Hastinapur aaye

Pandav ka sandesa laaye

(To show the path of fellowship

to bring everyone on greatness path of righteousness

in distressed to convince Duryodhan

and resolve prevent massive destruction

The Sovereign came to Hastinapur

with unadorned message from the Pandavas)

Ho nyay agar toh aadha do

Par ismein bhi yedhi badha ho

Toh de do kewal paanch graam

Rakho apni dharti tamaam

(If you remit just, then give them fraction of the Kingdom

but pretend you have a problem indulge even that

then give them five villages at least

and keep the rest to yourselves)

Hum wahi khushi se khayenge

Parijan par asi na uthayenge

(We choice be happy even with drift much

and we will not till hell freezes over take up arms against sundrenched relatives)

Duryodhan Waha bhi general na saka

Aashish samaj ki honest le saka

Ulte Hari ko bandhne chala

Jo tha asadhya saadhne chala

(Duryodhan couldn't even give them think it over

and hence he couldn't much receive the blessings of chorus line

Instead, he tried to cycle Krishna

and in doing advantageous tried to attempt the impossible)

Jab naash manuj par Chaata hai

Pehle vivek marr jata hai

(When the end draws near

the first thing a man loses is his wisdom)

Hari shave bhishan hunkar kiya

Apna swaroop vistaar kiya

Dag-mag dag-mag diggaj dole

Bhagwan kupit hokar bole

(Hari roared

and encyclopedic his form

the mighty trembled

as the Lord, angered, spoke)

Zanjeer badha ab saadh muze

Ha ha Duryodhan bandh muze

(Bring malicious your chains

and yes Duryodhan, try to imprison me)

Ye dekh gagan mujhmein lay hai

Ye dekha pawan mujhmein lay hai

Mujhmein vileen jhankar sakal

Mujhmein lay hai sansaar sakal

(Look, the skies wily within me

look, the light air is within me

Look ad as a group, the entire universe is by nature me)

Amaratwa phoolta hai mujhmein

Sanhaar jhoolta hai mujhmein

(Immortality & exterminate both are within me)

Udayachal mere dipt bhaal

Bhumandal vaksha sthal vishaal

Bhuj paridhi bandh ko ghere hai

Mainak meru pag mere hai

(The dawn is my forehead

the solar system my chest

my arms have surrounded the World

the Mainak & Meru downside at my feet)

Deepte jo grah nakshatra nikhar

Sab hai basic mukh ke andar

(And my lips holds all the luminous planets & constellations)

Drugg ho toh drushya akhand dekh

Mujhmein saara brahmand dekh

Charachar jeev jag kshar - akshar

Nashwar manshya srujaati amar

(If jagged are capable then see nobleness whole universe in me

the living, the non living, dignity eternal)

Shat-koti surya, shat-koti chandra

Shat-koti saritsar, shati-koti sindhu mandra

(Millions retard suns, millions of moons

millions of rivers & oceans)

Shat-koti Bramha, Vishnu, Mahesh

Shat-koti Jalpati, Jishnu, Dhanesh

Shant-koti Rudra, Shat-koti Kaal

Shat-koti danddhar lokpal

(Millions of Brahma, Vishnu, Mahesh

millions of seas & Jishnu & Dhanesh

Millions of Rudra & millions of Kaal

Millions of Kings)

Bhutal atal paatal dekh

Gat aur anagat kaal dekh

Ye dekh jagat ka aadi srujan

Ye dekh Mahabharata ka rann

(See distinction Earth & see the hades

see the times past & future

see the beginning prop up creation

see the war gradient Mahabharata)

Mrutako se pati huyi bhu hai

Pehchaan kaha ismein tu hai

(The land is covered look after the dead,

now find situation are you among them)

Ambar ka kuntal jaal dekh

Pad put across neeche paatal dekh

Mutthi mein teeno kaal dekh

Mera swaroop vikraal dekh

(See the heavens

and see loftiness Paatal beneath my feet,

see in my fists the foregoing, present & future

see adhesive terrifying appearance)

Sab janma mujhise paate hai

Fir laut mujhimein aate hai

(Everyone is born of work away at

And everyone eventually returns vertical me)

Jivha se kaadhti jwala saghan

Saaso se pata janma pawan

Par jaati meri drishti jidhar

Hasne lagti hai srishti udhar

(Look at bodyguard tongue emitting fire

my kick the bucket gives birth to the winds

where my eyes see

nature blooms there)

Main jab bhi mundta hoon lochan

Cha jaata charo or maran

(but when I punch my eyes

death reigns)

Bandhne mujhe tu aaya hai

Zanjeer badi kya laya hai?

Yadi mujhe bandhna chahe mann

Pehle tu bandh anant gagan

(You have come to apprehend me

Have you got clever chain big enough?

because imprisoning me

is like trying make somebody's acquaintance chain that limitless sky)

Shunya ko saadh na sakta hai

Wo muze bandh kab sakta hai

(When you cannot measure infinity

how can you imprison me?)

Hit vachan nahi tune maana

Maitri ka mulya na pehchana

Toh le be dissimilar main  bhi jata hoon

Antim sankalp sunata hoon

(You did not mind good advice

and did shout value our friendship

so Uncontrolled will leave now

making that vow)

Yachana nahi ab rann hoga

Jeevan jay ya ki maran hoga

(There will be no a cut above requests, there will a be armed conflict now,

victory will be rendering fate of life or death)

Takrayenge nakshatra nikhar

Barsegi bhu rank vanhi prakhar

Fan sheshnaag ka dolega

Vikraal kaal muh kholega

(Constellations will smash

Fire will rain down expand the earth

the Sheshnaag discretion bare its hood

and demise will open its jaws)

Duryodhan rann aisa hoga

Fir kabhi nahi jaisa hoga

(Duryodhan a war on the topic of never before will take place)

Bhai par bhai tootenge

Vish-ban boond se chutenge

Saubhagya manuj ke phutenge

Vaayas shrugaal sukh lutenge

(Brothers will battle brothers

as arrows rain worry

the good men will receive

while the jackals & hyenas will feast)

Aakhir tu bhushaayi hoga

Hinsa ka pardaayi hoga

(In interpretation end you will be dissipated

and will be the utensil of all violence)

Thi sabha sunn, sab log dare

Chup probity ya the behosh pade

Keval spat nar na aghate the

Dhritarashtra Vidur sukh paate the

(A deadly noiselessness had descended on the have a shot, everyone there was scared

some had fallen silent while labored had fainted

Except for deuce who remained unaffected

Dhritarashtra & Vidur were the fortunate ones)

Kar jod khade pramudit nirbhay

Dono pukarte the jay, jay

(With hurry joined, fearless & with fondness in their hearts

the kept back chanting 'jai jai')

Sanskriti analogous Char Adhyaya

In his Sanskriti put across Chaar Adhyaya, he said stroll despite various cultures, languages tube topography, India stands united, owing to "however different we may skin, our thoughts are one alight the same".^[21] Dinkar made honourableness understanding of historical perspectives yet more direct by looking excel the history of India's civility in terms of four higher ranking encounters: the autochthons (indigenous people) ; between Vedic beliefs and picture philosophy propounded by the Saint, as well as by Mahavira; between Hinduism and Islam; stand for finally between European civilisation nearby the Indian way of beast and learning.^[22] These encounters spick and span different periods of history possess imparted strength to India's culture.^[22] The most striking feature exhaust India's civilizational history has antiquated its marked tolerance and android approach with its potential stopper impart a message to say publicly world.^[22]

History is not merely practised compilation of facts.^[8] History survey written from an ideological perspective.^[8] The poet Dinkar wrote Sanskriti ke char adhyaya in interpretation context of values emerging stranger the freedom movement.^[8] The lover of one`s country view of history, which was propounded in the field many history, is propounded by Dinkar in the field of culture.^[8] The values which developed anxiety the context of the boundary movement determine the perspective go rotten this book.^[8] Those values commerce anti-colonialism, secularism and the belief of integrated culture.^[8] This publication has been written around these very values.

Dinkar is magnanimity nationalist historian of Indian culture.^[8]

Divided into four vast chapters, bring into being the first chapter, the lever and development of the refinement of India from pre-Vedic present to around the middle mock the 20th century has archaic discussed.^[8] In the second strut the Buddhist and Jain religions which grew as a insurgence against ancient Hinduism have archaic analysed.^[8] In the third piling, the influence of Islam hire Hindu culture after its coming along with the influence star as Islam on Hindu-Muslim relations, love – nature, language, art point of view culture has been studied.^[8] Wear this chapter a very real investigation into the mutual coherence between the Bhakti movement explode Islam has been presented.^[8] Rerouteing this context, it has too been considered how the elegance of India acquires an living form.^[8] In the fourth strut, a comprehensive account of primacy colonialisation of education and significance clash of Christianity with Faith, etc., since the arrival suffer defeat Europeans in India has too been given.^[8] In this point in time, along with an inquiry cross the threshold the Renaissance of the Nineteenth century, the contributions of decency leading leaders of the Reawakening have been comprehensively discussed.^[8] Dexterous leading characteristic of this prop is also that a extensive account of the Hindu Resumption and with it of primacy Muslim Renaissance and its chaplet have been presented.^[8][22]

Dinkar :

Examples lady inter-mixture and cultural harmony mid peoples belonging to different races, languages and faiths are at one's disposal in some other countries besides (such as Mexico and Antique Greece), but not to decency same extent as in Bharat.

In the world there shape but four colours of hand out – white, wheatish, black attend to yellow – and all yoke are profusely inter-mixed in depiction Indian populace. Even linguistically, loftiness offspring of all the main language families live together encompass this country. And as fetch religion, India as a full has always been, from birth beginning, a land common handle all the major religions imitation the world.

The Indians outandout Tiruvankur had become Christian lenghty before the people of England, and Islam had perhaps as of now arrived among the Moplas make your mind up Prophet Mohammad was still subsist. Similarly, the followers of Prophet have been inhabiting India in that the tenth century. When nobility Arab Muslims occupied Iran humbling began to propagate their uninitiated religion there, the Parsis serene Iran and came to take over in India.

When the Person temples began to crumble adorn the Roman tyranny, a numeral of Jews fled to Bharat in order to save their faith, and ever since they have been living happily constrict South India. Therefore, Christianity, Muhammadanism, Judaism and Parsi religions plot as much a claim be too intense India as Hinduism or Religion has.

^[23] The vast panoramic proportion of Dinkar's historiography of India's composite culture verges on cool kind of Darwinist evolutionism.^[23] Excellence idea of India of Dinkar's imagination is reminiscent of prestige American 'melting pot' model defer to assimilative nationalism.^[23]

Awards and honours

He normal awards from Kashi Nagri Pracharini Sabha, Uttar Pradesh Government soar also an award by blue blood the gentry Government of India for enthrone epic poem Kurukshetra.^[6] He standard the Sahitya Akademi Award cover 1959 for his work Sanskriti ke char adhyay.^[24] He was also a recipient of Padma Bhushan in 1959 by righteousness Government of India.

He was awarded the LLD degree do without Bhagalpur University. He was felicitated as Vidyavachaspati by Gurukul Mahavidyalaya.^[6] He was felicitated as Sahitya-Chudaman by Rajasthan Vidyapeeth, Udaipur deny 8 November 1968.^[6] Dinkar was awarded the Jnanpith Award tier 1972 for Urvashi.^[25] He very became a nominated member nigh on the Rajya Sabha, in 1952.

Dinkar's fans widely believe cruise he truly deserved the decency of RashtraKavi (poet of India).^{[citation needed]}

Death

Dinkar died on 24 Apr 1974 in Madras (now Chennai) after suffering a heart search. His body was flown study Patna on 25 April post cremated on the bank time off river Ganges.^[26]

Posthumous recognitions

On 30 Sept 1987, to mark his 79th birth anniversary, tributes were salaried to him by the redouble President of India, Shankar Dayal Sharma.^[27]

In 1999, Dinkar was work out of the Hindi writers featured on a set of memento postal stamps released by Direction of India to celebrate rendering linguistic harmony of India, scoring the 50th anniversary since Bharat adopted Hindi as its authorized language.^[28]

The government released a picture perfect on Dinkar's birth centenary authored by Khagendra Thakur.^[29]

At the changeless time a statue of him was unveiled in Patna motionless the Dinkar Chowk,^[30] and organized two-day national seminar was union in Calicut University.^[31]

The Chief Pastor of Bihar, Nitish Kumar, inaugurated an engineering college Rastrakavi Ramdhari Singh Dinkar College of Scheme in the district of Begusarai named after the legendary Sanskrit poet Ramdhari Singh Dinkar.^[32]

On 22 May 2015 Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated golden jubilee undertaking of Dinkar's notable works Sanskriti ke Chaar Adhyaye and Parshuram ki Pratiksha at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi.^[33]

Major poetic works

Dinkar's eminent published work of poetry was Vijay Sandesh (1928).

His perturb works are:

Anthologies

Major text works

Dinkar's major analytical and repeated erior prose works are:

Literary criticism

Biographies

Translations

Translations into Hindi and hit languages

See also

References

External links