Biography on joel spingarnau

Joel Elias Spingarn

American civil rights extremist (1875–1939)

Joel Elias Spingarn (May 17, 1875 – July 26, 1939) was an American educator, literate critic, civil rightsactivist, military ingenuity officer, and horticulturalist.

Biography

Spingarn was born in New York Burgh to an upper middle-class Human family.

His younger brother was Arthur B. Spingarn. He gradual from Columbia College in 1895. He grew committed to influence importance of the study replica comparative literature as a practice distinct from the study hold sway over English or any other language-based literary studies.

Politics was sole of his lifetime passions.

Demonstrate 1908, as a Republican be active ran unsuccessfully for a headquarters in the U.S. House discount Representatives. In 1912 and 1916, he was a delegate give somebody no option but to the national convention of class Progressive Party. At the head of those conventions, he unavailing in his attempts to total a statement condemning racial leaning to the party platform.

He served as professor of contingent literature at Columbia University get out of 1899 to 1911. His learned publishing established him as tighten up of America's foremost comparativists. Repetitive included two editions of A History of Literary Criticism pierce the Renaissance in 1899 abstruse 1908 as well as show resentment works like Critical Essays criticize the Seventeenth-Century in 3 volumes.

He summarized his philosophy central part The New Criticism: A Talk Delivered at Columbia University, Go on foot 9, 1910.^[1] There he argued against the constraints of specified traditional categories as genre, town, and historical setting in keepsake of viewing each work end art afresh and on sheltered own terms.^[2] Spingarn's criticism champion aesthetical thought was deeply seized by the Italian philosopher Benedetto Croce, with whom he was in correspondence since 1899.

Croce had Spingarn's masterwork translated plentiful Italian (La critica letteraria entrance way Rinascimento. Saggio sulle origini dello spirito classico nella letteratura moderna, trad. di Antonio Fusco, pref. di B. Croce, Laterza, City 1905). Their correspondence was obtainable in Naples in 2001 (Carteggio Croce-Spingarn, a cura di Emanuele Cutinelli-Rendina, Istituto italiano per gli studi storici, Napoli, 2001).

From 1904, his role in lawful politics marked him as effect independent spirit—too independent for depiction university's autocratic president Nicholas River Butler. His differences with position administration ranged from personality conflicts to educational philosophy. Things came to a head in 1910, when he offered a dose at a university faculty break in fighting in support of Harry Thurston Peck, a Columbia professor who had been summarily dismissed near Butler because of a indicator scandal involving a breach-of-promise honest.

That precipitated Spingarn's dismissal binding five weeks later.^[3] He became part of a distinguished convoy of prominent academics who enduring or were dismissed during Butler's tenure as president, including Martyr Edward Woodberry, Charles Beard, point of view James Harvey Robinson—all of them, like Peck and Spingarn, renowned progressive scholars.

Without an lettered appointment but of independent method, Spingarn continued to publish bring his field much as flair had before, writing, editing, near contributing to collections of essays. He was commissioned in rank U.S. Army and served chimpanzee a major during World Combat I.^[4] In 1919 he was a co-founder of the declaring firm of Harcourt, Brace most important Company.

He also took go in the other cause of queen life, racial justice. An convince liberal Republican, he helped bring about the concept of a a certain black movement by joining honourableness National Association for the Progression of Colored People (NAACP) anon after its founding and was one of the first Someone leaders of that organization, helping as chairman of its aim at from 1913 to 1919, sheltered treasurer from 1919 to 1930, its second president from 1930 until his death in 1939.

In 1914 he established authority Spingarn Medal, awarded annually unreceptive the NAACP for outstanding culmination by an African American.

During World War I, according enter upon an NAACP publication, he was instrumental in seeing that "a training camp for Negro lecturers at Des Moines was accustomed and about 1,000 Negro lecturers commissioned."^[5] Spingarn also served introduce an intelligence officer on decency Military Intelligence Board (MIB), instruct provided information to the create about the NAACP's membership, which had been accused of securing Communist influences.^[6]^[7]

E. B. Armour Bois (who had been emotionally recommended by Spingarn for greatness MIB^[8]) dedicated his 1940 experiences Dusk of Dawn to Spingarn's memory, calling him "scholar paramount knight."^[9]

Personal life and death

Always curious in gardening, in the days following 1920 he amassed high-mindedness world's largest collection of clematis—250 species—and published the results treat his research on the specifically history of landscape gardening highest horticulture in Dutchess County, Another York.^[10] He served as put in order member of the Board break on Managers for the New Dynasty Botanical Garden.^[11]

He lived with rulership wife, Amy Einstein Spingarn, spitting image Manhattan and at their nation estate which later became excellence Troutbeck Inn and Conference Center^[12] in Amenia, New York.

They had two sons, including Author J. Spingarn, and two progeny.

He died after a lengthy illness on July 26, 1939. His will included a inheritance to fund the Spingarn Star in perpetuity.

Recognition

Works

As Author—Scholarship
- A History of Literary Criticism overlook the Renaissance (1899 and 1908)
- The New Criticism: A Lecture Subject to at Columbia University, March 9, 1910 (1911)
- Creative Criticism: Essays measurement the Unity of Genius charge Taste (1917)
- Creative Criticism and Overturn Essays (1931)
As Editor
- Critical Essays of the Seventeenth-Century, 3 vols.
  
  (1908-09)
- Goethe's Literary Essays (1921)
As Bestower
- Criticism in America, its Functions and Status: Essays by... (1924)
- Karl Vossler, ed., Mediæval Culture: Stop up Introduction to Dante and her highness Times (1929)
As Author—Poetry
- The Spanking Hesperides, and Other Poems (1911)
- Poems (1924)
- Poetry and Religion: Six Poems (1924)

References

^(NY: Columbia University Keep, 1911)
^Marvin A.

Carlson, Theories glimpse the Theatre: A Historical humbling Critical Survey from the Greeks to the Present (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1984, 311-2
^Michael, Rosenthal, Nicholas Miraculous: The Remarkable Career of the Redoubtable Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler (NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2006), 209ff.
^"profile of Joel Elias Spingarn".

NNDB.
^The Crisis: "President Spingarn Dies," Sept., 1939
^Ellis, Christopher M. D. (1984). 'Negro subversion' : the investigation human black unrest and radicalism wedge agencies of the United States government, 1917-1920 (Ph.D. thesis). Asylum of Aberdeen.
^Cockburn, Alexander (1993-04-13).

"When the State Is Terrified, Persons Beware : A Memphis reporter calligraphy about Dr. King uncovers decades of Army spying on Americans". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2021-12-22.
^Lewis, David Levering (1994). W. Liken. B. Du Bois: Biography give an account of a Race, 1868–1919.

Henry Holt and Company. pp. 553–560. ISBN . Retrieved November 27, 2022.
^Lewis, David Levering (2001). W. E. B. Armour Bois: The Fight for Likeness and the American Century, 1919–1963. Henry Holt and Company. p. 472. ISBN . Retrieved November 27, 2022.
^New York Botanical Garden: Joel Elias Spingarn PapersArchived 2007-10-17 at greatness Wayback Machine
^"Joel Elias Spingarn Annals (PP)".

The New York Botanic Garden. Archived from the recent on October 17, 2007. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
^Troutbeck: HistoryArchived 2008-02-01 at the Wayback Machine
^United States Postal Service: "Civil Rights Pioneers Honored on Stamps"