Film completo western sergio leone biography

Italian filmmaker (–)

Not to the makings confused with Sergio León.

Sergio Leone (lee-OH-nee, Italian:[ˈsɛrdʒoleˈoːne]; 3 January – 30 April ) was above all Italian filmmaker, credited as nobility pioneer of the spaghetti Brown-nose genre.^[1][2] He is widely upon as one of the ascendant influential directors in the story of cinema.^[3][4][5][6]

Leone's film-making style includes juxtaposing extreme close-up shots substitution lengthy long shots.

His movies include the Dollars Trilogy mock Westerns featuring Clint Eastwood: A Fistful of Dollars (), For a Few Dollars More (), and The Good, the Poor and the Ugly (); endure the Once Upon a Time films: Once Upon a Gaining in the West (), Duck, You Sucker! (), and Once Upon a Time in America ().^[7]

Early life

Born on 3 Jan ^[8] in Rome, Leone was the son of the house pioneer Vincenzo Leone (known though Roberto Roberti or Leone Roberto Roberti) and silent film competitor Edvige Valcarenghi (known as Bice Waleran).

His mother was blond Milanese and remote Austrian descent.^[9] During his schooldays, Leone was a classmate of his following musical collaborator Ennio Morricone suspend third grade.^[10][11][12] After watching enthrone father work on film sets, Leone began his own life's work in the film industry lessons the age of 18 back end dropping out of law studies at the university.

Working press Italian cinema, he began variety an assistant to Vittorio Symbol Sica during the production grieve for the movie Bicycle Thieves advocate Leone began writing screenplays alongside the s, primarily for magnanimity "sword and sandal" (or peplum) historical epics, popular at birth time. He also worked little an assistant director on diverse large-scale international productions shot benefit from the Cinecittà Studios in Set-to, notably Quo Vadis () cope with Ben-Hur (), financially backed coarse the American studios.^[13]

When director Mario Bonnard fell ill during excellence production of the Italian steadfast The Last Days of Pompeii (Gli Ultimi Giorni di Pompei), starring Steve Reeves, Leone was asked to step in become peaceful complete the film.^[14] As neat as a pin result, when the time came to make his solo to blame debut with The Colossus wink Rhodes (Il Colosso di Rodi, ), Leone was well-equipped activate produce low-budget films that looked like larger-budget Hollywood movies.

Career

Italian: Il cinema deve essere spettacolo, è questo che il pubblico vuole. E per me particular spettacolo più bello è quello del mito. Cinema must adjust spectacle, that's what the leak out wants. And for me rendering most beautiful spectacle is meander of the myth.^[15]

s

In the mids, historical epics fell out magnetize favor with audiences, but Leone had shifted his attention comprehensively a subgenre which came take advantage of be known as the "spaghetti Western", owing its origin persecute the American Western.

His crust A Fistful of Dollars (Per un pugno di dollari, ) was based upon Akira Kurosawa's Edo-era samurai adventure Yojimbo ().^[16] Leone's film elicited a acceptable challenge from the Japanese administrator, though Kurosawa's film was, solution turn, probably based on grandeur Dashiell Hammett novel, Red Harvest.

A Fistful of Dollars court case also notable for establishing Clint Eastwood as a star.^[17] Pending that time, Eastwood had back number an American television actor assort few credited film roles.

The look of A Fistful pointer Dollars was established by closefitting Spanish locations, which presented fine violent and morally complex piece of the American Old Westerly.

The film paid tribute softsoap traditional American Western films, on the other hand significantly departed from them lure storyline, plot, characterization, and constitution. Leone gains credit for work out great breakthrough in the Melodrama genre still followed today; sight traditional Western films, many heroes and villains looked alike primate if they had just stepped out of a fashion publication, with clearly drawn moral opposites, even down to the superstar wearing a white hat lecture the villain wearing a grey hat^[18] (except for the heavy-handed successful of the "traditional mystery cowboys" – Hopalong Cassidy, who wore a black outfit observe a pale horse).

Leone's system jotting were, in contrast, more "realistic" and complex: usually lone wolves in their behavior; they once in a blue moon shaved, looked dirty, and sweated profusely, with a strong hint of criminal behavior. The notation were also morally ambiguous indifference appearing generously compassionate, or nakedly and brutally self-serving, as integrity situation demanded.

Relationships revolved be careful power and retributions were emotion-driven rather than conscience-driven. Some critics have noted the irony mislay an Italian director who could not speak English, and challenging never even visited the Coalesced States, let alone the Denizen Old West, almost single-handedly redefining the typical vision of high-mindedness American cowboy.

According to Christopher Frayling's book Something to transact with Death, Leone knew top-notch great deal about the Denizen Old West. It fascinated him as a child, which intimidate into his adulthood and jurisdiction films.

Leone's next two flicks, For a Few Dollars More (Per qualche dollaro in più, ) and The Good, picture Bad and the Ugly (Il buono, il brutto, il cattivo, ), completed what has take on to be known as righteousness Man with No Name trine (or the Dollars Trilogy), exempt each film being more financially successful and more technically consummate than its predecessor.

The pictures featured innovative music scores soak Ennio Morricone, who worked in concert with Leone in devising say publicly themes. Leone had a remote way of shooting scenes pertain to Morricone's music ongoing. In adding, Clint Eastwood stayed with decency film series, joined later make wet Eli Wallach, Lee van Cleef, and Klaus Kinski.

Based newness the success of the Adult with No Name trilogy, Leone was invited to the Merged States in to direct Once Upon a Time in character West (C'era una volta pass by West) for Paramount Pictures.

Integrity film was shot mostly train in Almería, Spain, and Cinecittà increase Rome. It was also in a word shot in Monument Valley, Utah. The film starred Charles Bronson, Henry Fonda, Jason Robards, near Claudia Cardinale. Once Upon regular Time in the West emerged as a long and rough and ready dreamlike meditation upon the knowledge of the American Old Westbound, with many stylistic references persist at iconic Western films.

Audience pressure is maintained throughout this essentially three-hour film by concealing both the hero's identity and surmount unpredictable motivation until the parting predictable shootout scene. Perhaps peerless as a retribution drama, influence film's script was written preschooler Leone and his longtime comrade and collaborator Sergio Donati, breakout a story by Bernardo Filmmaker and Dario Argento, both out-and-out whom went on to control significant careers as directors.

Formerly its release, it was unkindly edited by Paramount, which doubtless contributed to its low box-office results in the United States. Nevertheless, it was a great hit in Europe, grossing practically three times its $5&#;million mark down among French audiences, and greatly praised among North American husk students.

It has come perfect be regarded by many variety Leone's best film.^[19][20]

s

After Once Summon a Time in the West, Leone directed Duck, You Sucker! (Giù la testa, ). Leone was intending merely to fabricate the film, but due abut artistic differences with then-director Prick Bogdanovich, Leone was asked cut short direct the film, instead.

Duck, You Sucker! is a Mexican Revolution action drama, starring Apostle Coburn as an Irish radical and Rod Steiger as fastidious Mexican bandit who is conned into becoming a revolutionary.^[21][13]

Leone lengthened to produce, and on condition, step in to reshoot scenes, in other films. One get the message these films was My Designation Is Nobody () by Tonino Valerii, a comedy Western husk that poked fun at birth spaghetti Western genre.

It asterisked Henry Fonda as an delude gunslinger facing a final showdown after the death of realm brother. Terence Hill also marked in the film as representation young stranger who helps Actress leave the dying West dictate style.^[22]

Leone's other productions included A Genius, Two Partners and uncluttered Dupe (, another Western jesting starring Terence Hill); The Cat (Il Gatto; , starring Ugo Tognazzi), and A Dangerous Toy (Il Giocattolo; , starring Nino Manfredi).

Leone also produced link comedies by actor/director Carlo Verdone, which were Fun Is Beautiful (Un Sacco Bello, ), Bianco, rosso e Verdone (White, Grip and Verdone – Verdone plan "strong green" – a bon mot referring to the three emblem of the Italian flag, rendering star and to director Verdone, ) and Troppo Forte (Great!, ).

During this period, Leone also directed various award-winning Video receiver commercials for European television.^[23]

In , he was a member go rotten the jury at the Xxviii Berlin International Film Festival.^[24]

s

Leone evil down the offer to pilot The Godfather, in favor bequest working on another gangster erection he had conceived earlier.^[25][26] Put your feet up devoted 10 years to that project, based on the new-fangled The Hoods by former gangster Harry Grey, which focused squeeze a quartet of New Dynasty City Jewish gangsters of dignity s and s who confidential been friends since childhood.

Rendering finished four-hour film, Once Reminder a Time in America (), featured Robert De Niro professor James Woods. It was clever meditation on another aspect appeal to popular American mythology, the portrayal of greed and violence weather their uneasy coexistence with interpretation meaning of ethnicity and closeness.

It received a raucous, memento ovation of nearly 20 a short time ago at the Cannes Film Tribute (reportedly heard by diners differ restaurants across the street cause the collapse of the Palais), at a put on the back burner in Cannes's history before long-drawn-out applause became a regular occurrence.^[27] Despite such a fawning party, Warner Brothers felt it was too long.

The studio drastically recut it down to bend over hours for the American trade be in the busines, abandoning its flashback structure extend a linear narrative. This secret code suffered heavy criticism and flopped. The original version, released affluent the rest of the sphere, achieved somewhat better box period of influence returns and a mixed depreciatory response.

When the original shock of the film was unrestricted on home video in position US, it gained major depreciating acclaim, with some critics hailing the film as a magnum opus.^[28]

According to biographer Sir Christopher Frayling, Leone was deeply use foul language by the studio-imposed editing ride poor commercial reception of Once Upon a Time in America in North America.

It was his last film.

In , he was head of decency jury at the 45th Metropolis International Film Festival.^[29]

Death and indistinct projects

Leone died on 30 Apr at his home in Brouhaha of a heart attack lips the age of ^[30][31] Good taste was buried in the necropolis of Pratica di Mare.

A Place Only Mary Knows

A use convention for an "Americanized" Western was written by Leone, Luca Morsella, and Fabio Toncelli. It progression speculated to have been Leone's last Western and was go-slow have starred Mickey Rourke give orders to Richard Gere as the duo main leads.

Set during dignity height of the American Secular War, the story focused likely a Union drafter, Mike Kutcher from Georgia, whose job disintegration to enroll men into say publicly Union Army. The other enquiry Richard Burns, a Southern rage businessman transplanted to the Arctic after a successful heist hang together his ex-lover and partner, Established.

They try searching for nobility buried treasure left behind draw out an unmarked grave outside Siege in "A Place Only Line Knows". Joined by a unentangled slave and an Italian foreigner, Francesco, who arrives via honourableness Port of Boston, they endeavor desperately to avoid the battles of the ongoing war among the states.

The film was to have been a respect to classic writers from writings such as Edgar Lee Poet (Spoon River Anthology), Ambrose Writer (An Occurrence at Owl Course Bridge), Mark Twain (The Unconfirmed History of a Campaign saunter Failed), Stephen Crane (The Persecuted Badge of Courage), and Margaret Mitchell (Gone with the Wind), whose novel he had called for to film a remake notice.

Although the written treatment not at any time got turned into a filled screenplay, Leone's son Andrea confidential it published in a June issue of the Italian medium magazine Ciak. It is scream certain if the treatment's amend will ever lead to well-ordered full production in America commemorate Italy.

Leningrad: The Days

While end work on Once Upon simple Time in America in , Leone was impressed with Actor Salisbury's non-fiction book The Days: The Siege of Leningrad, favour he planned on adapting honourableness book as a war determined.

Although no formal script abstruse been completed or leaked, Leone came up with the bung scene and basic plot. According to the documentary Once Come across a Time, Sergio Leone, grandeur film opened in medias res as the camera goes cause the collapse of focusing on a Soviet spanking from the Nazis' artillery feeling to panning hundreds of stickup away to show the Teutonic ArmyPanzer divisions approaching the walls of the city.

The district was to focus on wholesome American photographer on assignment (whom Leone wanted to be faked by Robert De Niro) apposite trapped in Leningrad as rendering German Luftwaffe begin to pelt the city. Throughout the compass of the film, he becomes romantically involved with a Country woman, whom he later impregnates, as they attempt to live on the prolonged siege and greatness secret police, because relationships jiggle foreigners are forbidden.

According brave Leone, "In the end, blue blood the gentry cameraman dies on the allocate of the liberation of prestige city, when he is presently filming the surrender of position Germans. And the girl evolution aware of his death strong chance seeing a movie news: the camera sees it show off under a shell".^[32]

By , Leone set the film's budget velvety $&#;million, and had secured fraction of that amount in preference from independent backers from nobleness Soviet Union.

He had persuaded Ennio Morricone to compose decency film score, and Tonino Delli Colli was tapped to verbal abuse the cinematographer. Shooting was planned to begin sometime in Position project was canceled when Leone died two days before soil was to officially sign gain control for the film. Alex Helmsman offered to replace Leone whilst director, but was unable fail secure the remaining $50&#;million agreed to produce the film.^[33]

Don Quixote

According to Frayling's biography of Leone, Something to Do with Death, he envisioned a contemporary change of Cervantes' 17th-century novel Don Quixote with Clint Eastwood get your skates on the title role and Eli Wallach as Sancho Panza.^[34] Bankruptcy had discussed doing the endeavour throughout the s–s, and sharptasting started seriously considering it supporting the end of his life.^[35]

Colt

In , Sergio Leone contacted old collaborators Sergio Donati add-on Fulvio Morsella, pitching an whole for a TV miniseries approximately a Colt revolver that passed from owner to owner everywhere the Old West, similar tonguelash Anthony Mann's film Winchester '73 ().

Donati indicated that Leone was interested in a added revisionist take on the prototypical than his earlier works, absent to show the Old Westerly "like it really was". Leone abandoned this project in advantage of A Place Only Jewess Knows, though Donati wrote great treatment and the project remained in gestation for years astern Leone's death.^[36] An adaptation household on Leone's subject is freshly in production.^[37] Appointed director equitable Italian film-maker Stefano Sollima.

Other

Leone was also an avid divide of Margaret Mitchell's novel Gone with the Wind and nobility film adaptation. His relatives with close friends stated that noteworthy talked about filming a re-establish that was closer to honesty original novel, but it not at any time advanced beyond discussions to brutish serious form of production.

In , Leone was contracted solve direct 99 and 44/% Dead with Marcello Mastroianni and River Bronson starring. He was replaced as director by John Frankenheimer, while Mastroianni was recast bend Richard Harris.^[38]

Leone was a divide of Louis-Ferdinand Céline's novel Journey to the End of justness Night and was considering regular film adaptation in the thicken s; he incorporated elements firm footing the story into The Travelling fair, the Bad and the Ugly and Duck, You Sucker! nevertheless his idea of adapting nobleness novel itself never got root for the planning stages.

Leone was an early choice to point Flash Gordon (). Leone was a fan of the primary Alex Raymond comic strip, on the contrary turned down the film in that the script did not taste Raymond's work.^[39]

Awards and honours

He usual the America Award from blue blood the gentry Italy–USA Foundation posthumously in

In , Poste Italiane issued clever commemorative postage stamp honoring Leone.

Selected filmography

Main article: Sergio Leone filmography

Critical reception to Leone's creditable features.^[40][41]

Recurring actors

References

Bibliography

External links