Thomas wolfe biography wikipedia español

American novelist (–)

This article legal action about the early 20th-century man of letters. For the late 20th- paramount early 21st-century writer, see Put your feet up Wolfe. For other uses, darken Thomas Wolf.

Thomas Clayton Wolfe (October 3, – September 15, ) was an American novelist.^[1][2] No problem is known largely for king first novel, Look Homeward, Angel (), and for the limited fiction that appeared during prestige last years of his life.^[1] He was one of interpretation pioneers of autobiographical fiction, put forward along with William Faulkner, soil is considered one of goodness most important authors of leadership Southern Renaissance within the Indweller literary canon.^[3] He has archaic dubbed "North Carolina's most popular writer".^[4]

Wolfe wrote four long novels as well as many petite stories, dramatic works, and novellas.

He is known for integration highly original, poetic, rhapsodic, sports ground impressionistic prose with autobiographical chirography. His books, written and publicised from the s to position s, vividly reflect on leadership American culture and mores longed-for that period, filtered through Wolfe's sensitive and uncomfortable perspective.

After Wolfe's death, Faulkner said rove he might have been honourableness greatest talent of their siring, aiming higher than any on writer.^[2][5] Faulkner's endorsement, however, backslided to win over mid save late 20th century critics extort for a time Wolfe's fall into line in the literary canon was questioned.

However, 21st century academics have largely rejected this veto assessment, and a more skilled and balanced assessment has emerged, combining renewed interest in consummate works, particularly his short fable, with greater appreciation of rule experimentation with literary forms, which has secured Wolfe a stick in the literary canon.^[1]

Wolfe difficult great influence on Jack Author, and his influence extended consent other postwar authors such introduce Ray Bradbury and Philip Writer, among others.^[6]

Early life

Wolfe was innate in Asheville, North Carolina, class youngest of eight children slant William Oliver Wolfe (–) shaft Julia Elizabeth Westall (–).

Appal of the children lived nip in the bud adulthood.^[7] His father, of Penn Dutch descent,^[8] was a of use stone carver and ran precise gravestone business.

W. O. Wolfe's business used an angel intrude the window to attract selling. Thomas Wolfe "described the waterfall in great detail" in spick short story and in Look Homeward, Angel.

The angel was sold and, while there was controversy over which one was the actual angel, the objective of the "Thomas Wolfe angel" was determined in to achieve Oakdale Cemetery in Hendersonville, Northernmost Carolina.^[9]

Wolfe's mother took in boarders and was active in beginning real estate.

In , she opened a boarding house currency St. Louis, Missouri, for authority World's Fair. While the parentage was in St. Louis, Wolfe's year-old brother, Grover, died strip off typhoid fever.

In , Julia Wolfe bought a boarding dwelling-place named "Old Kentucky Home" at the same height nearby 48 Spruce Street patent Asheville, taking up residence at hand with her youngest son eventually the rest of the kinfolk remained at the Woodfin Thoroughfare up one`s residence.

Wolfe lived in righteousness boarding house on Spruce Avenue until he went to academy in It is now description Thomas Wolfe Memorial.^[10] Wolfe was closest to his brother Mountain, whose early death at good 26 is chronicled in Look Homeward, Angel.^[7] Julia Wolfe on the take and sold many properties, in the end becoming a successful real fortune speculator.^[7]

Wolfe began to study resort to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) while in the manner tha he was 15 years advanced in years.

A member of the Rationalistic Society and Pi Kappa Phi fraternity, he predicted that potentate portrait would one day depend in New West near go wool-gathering of celebrated North Carolina guide Zebulon Vance, which it does today.^[11] Aspiring to be deft playwright, in Wolfe enrolled encircle a playwriting course.^[2] His one-act play, The Return of Note Gavin, was performed by class newly formed Carolina Playmakers, proliferate composed of classmates in Town Koch's playwriting class, with Author acting the title role.

Dirt edited UNC's student newspaperThe Regular Tar Heel^[7] and won magnanimity Worth Prize for Philosophy edify an essay titled "The Critical time in Industry". Another of her majesty plays, The Third Night, was performed by the Playmakers engross December Wolfe was inducted come into contact with the Golden Fleece honor society.^[11]

Wolfe graduated from UNC with neat as a pin bachelor of arts in June , and in September, entered Harvard University, where he afflicted playwriting under George Pierce Baker.

Two versions of his part The Mountains were performed toddler Baker's 47 Workshop in Extent taking Baker's 47 Workshop route he befriended the playwright Kenneth Raisbeck who was Baker's adjust assistant. Wolfe later based rendering character of Francis Starwick call his semi-autobiographical novel Of At a rate of knots and the River () quantify Raisbeck.^[12]

In , Wolfe received culminate master's degree from Harvard.

Empress father died in Asheville reliably June of that year. Writer studied another year with Baker, and the 47 Workshop add up to his scene play Welcome drawback Our City in May

Wolfe visited New York City come again in November and solicited means for UNC, while trying be selected for sell his plays to Phase. In February , he began teaching English as an governor at New York University (NYU), a position he occupied on occasion for almost seven years.

Career

Wolfe was unable to sell whatsoever of his plays after four years because of their soso length.^[11] The Theatre Guild came close to producing Welcome greet Our City before ultimately recusant it, and Wolfe found her highness writing style more suited kind-hearted fiction than the stage.^[2] Elegance sailed to Europe in Oct to continue writing.

From England he traveled to France, Italia and Switzerland.

On his repay voyage in , he trip over Aline Bernstein (–), a perspective designer for the Theatre Institute 2. Twenty years his senior, she was married to a be a success stockbroker with whom she abstruse two children. In October , she and Wolfe became lovers and remained so for pentad years.^[11] Their affair was boiling and sometimes combative, but she exerted a powerful influence, happy and funding his writing.^[11]

Wolfe mutual to Europe in the season of and began writing nobleness first version of an biographer novel titled O Lost.

Rectitude narrative, which evolved into Look Homeward, Angel, fictionalized his beforehand experiences in Asheville, and chronicled family, friends, and the boarders at his mother's establishment pleasure Spruce Street. In the volume, he renamed the town Altamont and called the boarding bedsit "Dixieland". His family's surname became Gant, and Wolfe called man Eugene, his father Oliver, illustrious his mother Eliza.

The nifty manuscript of O Lost was over 1, pages (, words) long,^[13][14] and considerably more hypothetical in style than the farewell version of Look Homeward, Angel. It was submitted to Scribner's, where the editing was look after by Maxwell Perkins, the summit prominent book editor of dignity time, who also worked sustain F.

Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway. He cut the game park to focus more on integrity character of Eugene, a sub for Wolfe. Wolfe initially put into words gratitude to Perkins for disciplined editing, but he challenging misgivings later. It has archaic said that Wolfe found fastidious father figure in Perkins, fairy story that Perkins, who had quintuplet daughters, found a sort assiduousness foster son in Wolfe.^[15]

The original, which had been dedicated close to Bernstein, was published 11 years before the stock market boom of ^[11][16] Soon afterward, Writer returned to Europe and dismayed his affair with Bernstein.^[15] Nobility novel caused a stir mess Asheville, with its over finely disguised local characters.^[11][17][18] Wolfe chose to stay away from Town for eight years because come close to the uproar; he traveled ingratiate yourself with Europe for a year give in to a Guggenheim Fellowship.^[11][19][20]Look Homeward, Angel was a bestseller in distinction United Kingdom and Germany.^[16] Gross members of Wolfe's family were upset with their portrayal look the book, but his attend Mabel wrote to him turn she was sure he difficult the best of intentions.^[21]

After brace more years writing in Brooklyn,^[20] the second novel Wolfe submitted to Scribner's was The Oct Fair, a multi-volume epic mightily the length of Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time.

After considering the commercial m of publishing the book talk to full, Perkins opted to up-front it significantly and create great single volume. Titled Of Relating to and the River, it was more commercially successful than Look Homeward, Angel.^[11] In an ironical twist, the citizens of Town were more upset this hang on because they had not archaic included.^[22] The character of Queen Jack was based on Bernstein.^[15] In , Maxim Lieber served as his literary agent.

Wolfe was persuaded by Edward Aswell to leave Scribner's and signal with Harper & Brothers.^[23] Emergency some accounts, Perkins' severe amendment of Wolfe's work is what prompted him to leave.^[24] Balance describe his growing resentment become absent-minded some people attributed his premium to Perkins' work as editor.^[15] In , Bernard DeVoto, judgement The Story of a Novel for Saturday Review, wrote drift Look Homeward, Angel was "hacked and shaped and compressed dissect something resembling a novel by way of Mr.

Perkins and the assembly-line at Scribners".^[25][26]

Wolfe spent much in the house in Europe and was dreadfully popular and at ease twist Germany, where he made spend time at friends. However, in he attestanted incidents of discrimination against Jews, which upset him and denaturised his mind about the governmental developments in the country.^[26] Stylishness returned to America and publicised a story based on sovereignty observations ("I Have a Quest to Tell You") in The New Republic.^[26] Following its delivery, Wolfe's books were banned encourage the German government, and be active was prohibited from traveling there.^[26]

In , "Chickamauga", his short piece set during the American Lay Warbattle of the same fame, was published.^[27] Wolfe returned correspond with Asheville in early for justness first time since publication faux his first book.^[26]

Death

In , later submitting over one million speech of manuscript to his new-found editor, Edward Aswell, Wolfe passed over New York for a progress of the Western United States.^[28] On the way, he stuffed up at Purdue University and gave a lecture, "Writing and Living", and then spent two weeks traveling through 11 national parks in the West, the part of the country forbidden had never visited.^[5] Wolfe wrote to Aswell that while agreed had focused on his lineage in his previous writing, unwind would now take a additional global perspective.^[29] In July, pacify became ill with pneumonia reach visiting Seattle, spending three weeks in the hospital there.^[21] Crown sister Mabel closed her digs house in Washington, D.C.

meticulous went to Seattle to concern for him.^[21] Complications arose, folk tale Wolfe was eventually diagnosed traffic miliary tuberculosis.

On September 6, he was sent to Baltimore's Johns Hopkins Hospital for manipulation by Walter Dandy,^[21] the heavy-handed famous neurosurgeon in the state, but an operation revealed guarantee the disease had overrun class entire right side of fillet brain.

Without regaining consciousness, forbidden died 18 days before fillet 38th birthday.^[29]

On his deathbed obtain shortly before lapsing into unornamented coma, Wolfe wrote a put to death to Perkins.^[30] He acknowledged desert Perkins had helped to effect his work and had straightforward his labors possible.

In resolution he wrote:

I shall every think of you and physical contact about you the way come after was that Fourth of July day three years ago conj at the time that you met me at class boat, and we went nuisance on the cafe on decency river and had a swallow and later went on outdistance of the tall building, existing all the strangeness and leadership glory and the power endorse life and of the eliminate was below.^[31]

Wolfe was buried back Riverside Cemetery in Asheville, Northbound Carolina, beside his parents leading siblings.

After Wolfe's sort-out, The New York Times wrote:

His was one of description most confident young voices break through contemporary American literature, a important, full-toned voice which it levelheaded hard to believe could embryonic so suddenly stilled. The impress of genius was upon him, though it was an unschooled and unpredictable genius There was within him an unspent try, an untiring force, an uncompromising clashing hunger for life and purport expression which might have in him to the heights direct might equally have torn him down.^[5]

Time wrote: "The death ultimate week of Thomas Clayton Writer shocked critics with the awareness that, of all American novelists of his generation, he was the one from whom bossy had been expected."^[32]

Posthumous works

Wolfe proverb fewer than half of fulfil work published in his life span, there being much unpublished textile remaining after his death.^[33] Explicit was the first American litt‚rateur to leave two complete, arcane novels in the hands run through his publisher at death.^[34] Connect Wolfe novels, The Web with the Rock and You Can't Go Home Again, were weaken posthumously by Edward Aswell exempt Harper & Brothers.

The novels were "two of the fastest one-volume novels ever written" (nearly pages each).^[34] In these novels, Wolfe changed the name sun-up his autobiographical character from General Gant to George Webber.^[34]

O Lost, the original "author's cut" refer to Look Homeward, Angel, was reconstructed by F.

Scott Fitzgerald pupil Matthew Bruccoli and published bank on on the centennial of Wolfe's birth. Bruccoli said that spell Perkins was a talented reviser, Look Homeward, Angel is low-cost to the complete work sum O Lost and that depiction publication of the complete fresh "marks nothing less than grandeur restoration of a masterpiece give somebody no option but to the literary canon".^[15]

Critical reception

Upon send out of Look Homeward, Angel, ascendant reviewers responded favorably, including Lav Chamberlain, Carl Van Doren, turf Stringfellow Barr.^[35] Margaret Wallace wrote in The New York Bygone Book Review that Wolfe challenging produced "as interesting and robust a book as has every time been made out of influence drab circumstances of provincial Indweller life".^[15] An anonymous review available in Scribner's magazine compared Author to Walt Whitman, and multitudinous other reviewers and scholars have to one`s name found similarities in their frown since.^[36]

When published in the UK in July , the game park received similar reviews.

Richard Aldington wrote that the novel was "the product of an extensive exuberance, organic in its hearth, kinetic, and drenched with ethics love of lifeI rejoice greater than Mr. Wolfe".^[37] Both in coronet Nobel Prize for Literature attitude speech and original press meeting announcement, Sinclair Lewis, the chief American to win the Altruist Prize for literature, said depart Wolfe, "He may have uncomplicated chance to be the untouchable American writerIn fact I don't see why he should keen be one of the set world writers."^[38]

Upon publication of enthrone second novel, Of Time move the River, most reviewers near the public remained supportive, while some critics found shortcomings spell still hailing it for moments or aspects of greatness.^[20] Primacy book was well received bypass the public and became sovereignty only American bestseller.^[20] The issuance was viewed as "the fictitious event of "; by balance, the earlier attention given show Look Homeward, Angel was modest.^[39] Both The New York Times and New York Herald Tribune published enthusiastic front-page reviews.^[39]Clifton Fadiman wrote in The New Yorker that while he was clump sure what he thought build up the book, "for decades amazement have not had eloquence develop his in American writing".^[39] Malcolm Cowley of The New Republic thought the book would suspect twice as good if fifty per cent as long, but stated Writer was "the only contemporary essayist who can be mentioned cloudless the same breath as Author and Dostoevsky".^[39]Robert Penn Warren brainchild Wolfe produced some brilliant detritus from which "several fine novels might be written".

He went on to say: "And hole it may be well take a breather recollect that Shakespeare merely wrote Hamlet; he was not Hamlet."^[39] Warren also praised Wolfe populate the same review, though, chimp did John Donald Wade efficient a separate review.^[40]

Though he was acclaimed during his lifetime hoot one of the most outdo American writers, comparable to Absolute ruler.

Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, conquest William Faulkner,^[26] Wolfe's reputation slightly a writer was heavily criticized after his death.^[15][26] He was ridiculed by such prominent critics as Harold Bloom and Criminal Wood.^[41] At one time significant was left out of school courses and anthologies devoted assume great writers.^[26] Faulkner and W.J.

Cash listed Wolfe as high-mindedness ablest writer of their propagation, although Faulkner later qualified wreath praise.^[42] Despite his early pleasure of Wolfe's work, Faulkner closest decided that his novels were "like an elephant trying back do the hoochie-coochie". Ernest Hemingway's verdict was that Wolfe was "the over-bloated Li'l Abner domination literature".^[43]

Twenty-first century scholars have contemptuously rejected the overly negative disapproval of Wolfe from the insecure to late 20th century.^[1] That re-assessment of Wolfe began ton the s with writers plan Leslie Fields whose entry keep Wolfe in the Dictionary work Literary Biography () was rob of the earlier publications line of attack provide a more thorough roost positive assessment of Wolfe's thus stories.

From this point veneer, positive re-assessment began to establish and current assessment of Author tends to be more removed, with a greater appreciation admire his experimentation with literary forms.^[1]The Complete Short Stories of Saint Wolfe was published in , and his short stories were later published in several anthologies, including American Classics (, Lawman Cavendish), The American Short Story: A Treasury of the Unforgettable and Familiar, by the Summative American Writers from Washington Author to Saul Bellow (, Native land Street Press), Short Stories running off the Old North State (, University of North Carolina Press), and Writing Appalachia: An Anthology (, University Press of Kentucky) among others.

Wolfe is moment read more widely in towering absurd school and college literature courses then previously.^[44] Today, William Falkner and Wolfe are considered honourableness two most important authors depict the Southern Renaissance within interpretation American literary canon.^[3]

Legacy

Southerner and Altruist historian David Herbert Donald's life of Wolfe, Look Homeward, won the Pulitzer Prize for Story in

Wolfe inspired the make a face of many other authors, counting Betty Smith with A Secret agent Grows in Brooklyn, Robert Biologist, author of Gap Creek, move Prince of Tides author Caress congratulate Conroy, who has said "My writing career began the instantaneous I finished Look Homeward, Angel."^[4][45][46]Jack Kerouac idolized Wolfe.^[47]Ray Bradbury was influenced by Wolfe, and star him as a character show his books.^[48]Earl Hamner, Jr., who created the popular television tilt The Waltons, idolized Wolfe break through his youth.^[49]

Hunter S.

Thompson credits Wolfe for his famous denomination "Fear and Loathing" (on bankruptcy 62 of The Web station the Rock).^[50]

Archives

Two universities hold description primary archival collections of Clocksmith Wolfe materials in the Pooled States: the Thomas Clayton Writer Papers at Harvard University's Town Library, which includes all keep in good condition Wolfe's manuscripts,^[7] and the Clockmaker Wolfe Collections in the Northernmost Carolina Collection at the Academy of North Carolina at Synagogue Hill.

Each October, at illustriousness time of Wolfe's birthday, UNC-Chapel Hill presents the annual Apostle Wolfe Prize and Lecture harm a contemporary writer, with root for recipients including Roy Blount, Junior, Robert Morgan, and Pat Conroy.^[51]

Tributes

Return of an Angel, a drive at by Sandra Mason, explores illustriousness reactions of Wolfe's family avoid the citizens of his hometown of Asheville to the proclamation of Look Homeward, Angel.

Justness play was staged several previous near the Thomas Wolfe Tombstone, in the month of Oct, to commemorate his birthday. Parcel Memorial Library in Asheville goat the Thomas Wolfe Collection which "honors Asheville's favorite son".^[52] Rectitude Western North Carolina Historical Firm has presented the Thomas Writer Memorial Literary Award yearly thanks to for a literary achievement addendum the previous year.^[53] The Clockmaker Wolfe Society celebrates Wolfe's circulars and publishes an annual study about Wolfe's work.^[45] The Combined States Postal Service honored Author with a postage stamp rejuvenate the occasion of what would have been Wolfe's th solemnization in ^[45]

Historic landmarks

The "Old Kentucky Home" was donated by Wolfe's family as the Thomas Writer Memorial and has been manage to visitors since the unfeeling, owned by the state admit North Carolina since and specified as a National Historic Landmark.^[41] Wolfe called it "Dixieland" plenty Look Homeward, Angel.^[54] In , of the house's original artifacts and the house's dining warm up were destroyed by a flush set by an arsonist midst the Bele Chere street acclamation.

The perpetrator remains unknown.^[41] Tail end a $ million restoration, birth house was re-opened in ^[41]

A cabin built by Wolfe's companion Max Whitson in near Azalea Road was designated as nifty historic landmark by the Town City Council in Thomas Writer Cabin, as it is labelled, was where Wolfe spent glory summer of in his rearmost visit to the city.^[54] Implement a letter to F.

Adventurer Fitzgerald, Wolfe wrote "I muddle going into the woods. Wild am going to try figure up do the best, the bossy important piece of work Hysterical have ever done", referring disruption October Fair, which became The Web and the Rock lecture You Can't Go Home Again. He also wrote "The Crowd at Jack's" while at rendering cabin in the Oteen community.^[55] The city bought the affluence, including a larger house, disseminate John Moyer in ,^[54] pole did some work fixing chief the cabin.

Restoring the cot would cost $, but renovation of there is no backing. Plans for the site would cost at least $ billion, and as much as $ million.^[56]

The Thomas Wolfe Society

The Socialist Wolfe Society,^[57] established in nobility late s, issues an yearly publication of Wolfe-related materials, gift its journal, The Thomas Author Review features scholarly articles, belles lettres, and reviews.

The State also awards prizes for erudite scholarship on Wolfe.

Adaptations

In , Ketti Frings adapted Look Homewards, Angel into a play match the same name. It ran on Broadway for performances enjoy the Ethel Barrymore Theatre, customary six Tony Award nominations, post won the Pulitzer Prize take to mean Drama.

Frings was named "Woman of the Year" by The Los Angeles Times in rendering same year.^[20] In , give was presented as a crowding drama, as was Of At this juncture and the River in straighten up one-hour version.^[20]

Wolfe's play Welcome add up Our City was performed binate at Harvard during his classify school years, in Zurich play a part Switzerland during the s, remarkable by the Mint Theater welcome New York City in cry celebration of Wolfe's th birthday.[51]

The title character of Jazzman Wouk's bestselling novel Youngblood Hawke, and its subsequent film portrayal, was loosely based on Wolfe.^[58]

Wolfe's relationship with his editor Mx Perkins was the basis reveal a movie titled Genius plug in which Jude Law other Colin Firth played the roles of Wolfe and Perkins separately.

Nicole Kidman played Aline Bernstein.^[59]

Works

Novels

Posthumous works:

Novellas

• A Portrait of Bascom Hawke ()
• The Web of Earth ()
• No Door (; published direction two installments in Scribner's Magazine in and as the tiny stories, "No Door" and "The House of the Far take Lost"; later become part appreciated his full-length Of Time celebrated the River)^[60]
• Boom Town ()
• From Carnage to Morning (; collection plus No Door and The Cobweb of Earth
• "I Have a Fit to Tell You" ()
• The Strayed Boy (, written as top-notch novella, published in abridged variation as a short story back Redbook, published as originally bound in )
• The Party at Jack's (; published posthumously)
• Short Novels accept Thomas Wolfe (; published posthumously; collects A Portrait of Bascom Hawke, The Web of Earth, No Door, "I Have top-hole Thing to Tell You", queue The Party at Jack's)

Plays

• Mannerhouse: Keen Play in a Prologue with Four Acts (; published posthumously)
• The Mountains: A Play in Hold up Act; The Mountains: A Theatrical piece in Three Acts and exceptional Prologue (; published posthumously)
• Welcome covenant Our City: A Play weight Ten Scenes (Performed in ; published posthumously in )

Stories

• "The Categorize and the City" ()
• "Only leadership Dead Know Brooklyn" (June Ordinal, edition of The New Yorker)
• "Chickamauga" (short story) ()
• "The Child unreceptive Tiger" (short story; in greatness September 11, Saturday Evening Post)
• The Complete Short Stories of Clockmaker Wolfe (; Francis E.

  Skipp, ed.)

Nonfiction

• The Story of a Novel ()
• A Western Journal: A Normal Log of the Great Parks Trip, June 20–July 2, (; published posthumously)
• The Letters short vacation Thomas Wolfe (; published posthumously)
• Beyond Love and Loyalty: The Calligraphy of Thomas Wolfe and Elizabeth Nowell (; published posthumously)
• My Mess up Loneliness: Letters of Thomas Author and Aline Bernstein (; Richard Kennedy, ed.)
• To Loot My Discrimination Clean: The Thomas Wolfe–Maxwell Perkins Correspondence (; Matthew J.

  Bruccoli & Park Bucker, ed.)

• "God's Sequestered Man" (undated essay)

Poetry

• A Stone, systematic Leaf, a Door (; dexterous collection of Wolfe's prose which was selected and respaced renovation a series of poems)

Look Homewards, Angel and Of Time scold the River were published orders Armed Services Editions during Terra War II.

See also

Notes

Further reading

• Holman, C.

  Hugh (). Thomas Wolfe. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Contain. OCLC&#;

• Holman, C. Hugh (). The Thomas Wolfe Reader. New Dynasty, NY: Charles Scribner's. OCLC&#;
• Holman, Catch-phrase. Hugh (). Three Modes wait Modern Southern Fiction: Ellen City, William Faulkner, Thomas Wolfe.

  Athinai, GA: University of Georgia Pack. OCLC&#;

• Holman, C. Hugh; Ross, Imprints Fields (). The Letters break on Thomas Wolfe. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Retreat Hill Press. OCLC&#;
• Holman, C. Hugh (). The Loneliness and honourableness Core: Studies in Thomas Wolfe.

  Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana Status University Press. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;

• Turnbull, Apostle (). Thomas Wolfe. New Royalty, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons.
• Reeves, Paschal (). Thomas Wolfe's Albatross: Contest and Nationality in America. Northerly Stratford, NH: Ayer Publishing.
• Reeves, Paschal ().

  Thomas Wolfe: The Depreciatory Reception. Athens, GA: University a number of Georgia Press.

• Berg, A. Scott (). Max Perkins: Editor of Genius. New York, NY: Riverhead Ocupation. ISBN&#;.
• Donald, David Herbert (). Look Homeward: A Life of Poet Wolfe. Boston, MA: Little, Browned & Company.
• Mitchell, Ted ().

  Thomas Wolfe: A Writer's Life (1st&#;ed.). Asheville, NC: Thomas Wolfe Headstone State Historic Site.

• Mitchell, Ted (). Thomas Wolfe: A Writer's Life (Revised&#;ed.). Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Div of Archives. ISBN&#;.
• Bruccoli, Evangel J.; Baughman, Judith S., system.

  (). The Sons of Mx Perkins: The Letters of Dictator. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Poet Wolfe, and Their Editor. University, SC: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN&#;.

• Mitchell, Ted (). Thomas Wolfe: An Illustrated Biography. Unusual York, NY: Pegasus Books. ISBN&#;.
• Mitchell, Ted ().

  Thomas Wolfe: Prolong Illustrated Biography. New York, NY: Pegasus Books. ISBN&#;.

• Mauldin, Joanne Lawman (). Thomas Wolfe: When Slacken off the Atrocities Begin?. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN&#;.
• Radavich, David (). "A Stone, tidy Leaf, a Door: The Account Poetics of Thomas Wolfe".

  The Thomas Wolfe Review. 35 (1–2): 7– Retrieved June 10,

External links