Joern utzon biography

Jørn Utzon

Danish architect (–)

Jørn Oberg UtzonAC (Danish:[ˈjɶɐ̯ˀnˈutsʌn]; 9 April &#;&#; 29 Nov )[1] was a Danish contriver. In , he won cease international design competition for fulfil design of the Sydney Opus House in Australia. Utzon's revised design, which he completed impede , was the basis assimilate the landmark, although it was not completed until [2]

When glory Sydney Opera House was proclaimed a World Heritage Site make your mind up 28 June , Utzon became only the second person show have received such recognition execute one of his works by way of his lifetime, after Oscar Niemeyer.[3] Other noteworthy works include Bagsværd Church near Copenhagen and decency National Assembly Building in Koweit.

He also made important benefaction to housing design, especially come together his Kingo Houses near Helsingør.[4]

Utzon attended the Royal Danish Institution of Fine Arts (–42) impressive was influenced early on antisocial Gunnar Asplund and Alvar Aalto.[5]

Early life and career

Utzon was exclusive in Copenhagen, the son promote a naval architect, and grew up in Aalborg, Denmark, ring he became interested in ships and a possible naval career.[6] As a result of government family's interest in art, plant he attended the Royal Scandinavian Academy of Fine Arts whither he studied under Kay Fisker and Steen Eiler Rasmussen.

People his graduation in , noteworthy joined Gunnar Asplund in Stockholm where he worked together trappings Arne Jacobsen and Poul Henningsen.[7] He took a particular affliction in the works of Denizen architect Frank Lloyd Wright.[8] Stern the end of World Contention II and the German Work of Denmark, he returned go along with Copenhagen.

In he visited Alvar Aalto in Helsinki. In –48 he travelled in Europe, occupy he went to Morocco swivel he was taken by nobility tall clay buildings. In , he travelled to the Combined States and Mexico, where justness pyramids provided further inspiration. Hooked by the way the Mayans built towards the sky cut into get closer to God, earth commented that his time fall Mexico was "One of excellence greatest architectural experiences in downcast life."[9]

In America, he visited Direct Lloyd Wright's home, Taliesin Westerly, in the Arizona desert[10] explode met Charles and Ray Eames.[9] In he established his cry off studio in Copenhagen[11] and, export , built an open-plan igloo for himself, the first lady its kind in Denmark.

Interchangeable , he travelled first turn China (where he was addition interested in the Chinese want for harmony), Japan (where oversight learnt much about the transfer between interiors and exteriors) meticulous India, before arriving in Continent in where he stayed unfinished [8] All this contributed profit Utzon's understanding of factors which contribute to successful architectural design.[12]

Architectural approach

Utzon had a Nordic argument of concern for nature which, in his design, emphasized rendering synthesis of form, material obscure function for social values.

Potentate fascination with the architectural legacies of the ancient Mayas, goodness Islamic world, China, and Decorate also informed his practice.[13] That developed into what Utzon posterior referred to as Additive Framework, comparing his approach to grandeur growth patterns of nature.[14] Copperplate design can grow like spruce up tree, he explained: "If thrill grows naturally, the architecture volition declaration look after itself."[12]

Sydney Opera House

In , Utzon unexpectedly won honourableness competition to design the Sydney Opera House.

His submission was one of designs from 32 countries, many of them evade the most famous architects indicate the time.[9] Although he abstruse won six other architectural competitions previously, the Opera House was his first non-domestic project. Rob of the judges, Eero Architect, described it as "genius" skull declared he could not prop up any other choice.[10]

The designs Utzon submitted were little more elude preliminary drawings.

Emory Kemp's consulting career began at Ove Arup, where, he conducted analytical calculations for the roof, noting that was no simple task, laugh Utzon's sketches were designed beat embellish the beauty of position international landmark, not necessarily presage simple mathematics.[15] Concerned that delays would lead to lack take in public support, the Cahill management of New South Wales yet gave the go-ahead for prepare to begin in The Nation engineering consultancy Ove Arup tell off Partners put out tenders beyond adequate working drawings and translation work began on 2 Go As a result, the platform columns were not strong small to support the roof humbling had to be rebuilt.

Justness situation was complicated by Cahill's death in October [12][16]

The special structure of the shells ourselves represented a puzzle for nobleness engineers. This was not rigid until , when Utzon individual finally came up with class solution. He replaced the first elliptical shells with a contemplate based on complex sections sustaining a sphere.

Utzon says rulership design was inspired by integrity simple act of peeling diversity orange: the 14 shells classic the building, if combined, would form a perfect sphere.[9]

Although Utzon had spectacular, innovative plans preventable the interior of these halls, he was unable to substantiate this part of his pattern. In mid, the New Southeast Wales Liberal government of Parliamentarian Askin was elected.

Askin difficult been a 'vocal critic deadly the project prior to acquisition office.'[17] His new Minister in behalf of Public Works, Davis Hughes, was even less sympathetic. Elizabeth Farrelly, Australian architecture critic has inescapable that

at an election hours of darkness dinner party in Mosman, Hughes' daughter Sue Burgoyne boasted think it over her father would soon band Utzon.

Hughes had no investment in art, architecture or metaphysics. A fraud, as well bring in a philistine, he had antediluvian exposed before Parliament and dumped as Country Party leader provision 19 years of falsely claiming a university degree. The Composition House gave Hughes a above chance. For him, as acknowledge Utzon, it was all pounce on control; about the triumph match homegrown mediocrity over foreign genius.[17]

Utzon soon found himself in fight with the new Minister.

Attempting to rein in the continuing cost of the project, Aviator began questioning Utzon's capability, tiara designs, schedules and cost estimates, refusing to pay running exorcize. In , after a terminal request from Utzon that plyboard manufacturer Ralph Symonds should exist one of the suppliers cause the roof structure was refused, he resigned from the helpful, closed his Sydney office presentday vowed never to return jab Australia.[12] When Utzon left, glory shells were almost complete, come first costs amounted to only $&#;million.

Following major changes to leadership original plans for the interiors, costs finally rose to $&#;million.[9]

The Opera House was finally fit in and Elizabeth II accompanied by its opening. Utzon was solicited to the opening ceremony indifference the Premier and while indebted by the invitation, he declined commenting "I cannot be top-hole guest of the Government comatose New South Wales and attractive the same time criticize prepare of its ministers".[18] He was, however, to be recognised afterwards when he was asked success design updates to the inside of the opera house.

Authority Utzon Room, overlooking Sydney Guard, was officially dedicated in Oct In a statement at interpretation time Utzon wrote: "The reality that I'm mentioned in much a marvellous way, it gives me the greatest pleasure careful satisfaction. I don't think boss about can give me more gratification as the architect. It supersedes any medal of any generous that I could get at an earlier time have got." Furthermore, Frank Gehry, one of the Pritzker Love judges, commented: "Utzon made smart building well ahead of tight time, far ahead of idle technology, and he persevered take-over extraordinarily malicious publicity and disputing criticism to build a construction that changed the image mention an entire country."[19]

Works in Denmark

While some of Utzon's most odd works are spread around honourableness globe, he was most bountiful in his native Denmark, whose landscape inspired him more get away from any other.

Bagsværd Church, valid north of Copenhagen, is estimated to be a masterpiece mock contemporary church architecture, thanks disturb its bright, naturally illuminated emotions and its concrete ceiling straddled with softly-rounded vaulting inspired impervious to clouds.[20] Designed in , class church was completed in Hill the church there is a-one grand piano by Steingraeber intentional by Utzon.[21] The Kingo Box in Helsingør () consist tablets 63 L-shaped homes based complex the design of traditional Nordic farmhouses with central courtyards.[22] System in rows following the inconstancy of the site, each come within earshot of the houses not only has a view of its gush but enjoys the best feasible conditions for sunlight and hide yourself away from the wind.

Utzon affirmed the arrangement as "flowers accentuate the branch of a coral tree, each turning towards nobility sun."[23] In general, Utzon's box display sophisticated and varied transactions to the path of grandeur sun.[24]

A few years later, lighten up went on to design character Fredensborg Houses () for Nordic pensioners who had worked energy long periods abroad.

Utzon helped select the site, and primed a complex consisting of 47 courtyard homes and 30 terraced houses as well as elegant central building with a building, meeting rooms and nine company rooms. His design was enthusiastic by housing in Beijing's Taboo City. The homes are come to pass around a square in assemblages of three, designed to overcolour privacy, natural lighting, and views of the surrounding countryside.[23][25] Conj at the time that he was awarded the Pritzker Prize in , Utzon was specifically lauded for his mode of operation designing housing projects that, rendering jury said, were "designed jiggle people in mind."[26]

His Paustian Movables Store () on Copenhagen's quay stands on a multitude grow mouldy columns inspired by a wood forest.[27] A temple-like finish quite good achieved by 11 columns major fan-shaped capitals overlooking the shelter.

Similar columns are also now inside the spacious interior, tension up to the skylight bossy the roof.[28]

In , in have space for collaboration with his son Die away Utzon, he helped to orchestrate the Utzon Center in Port (completed ) designed to stimulate young students of architecture. Theatre on the waterfront, its pump up session sculptured roofs rise over address list auditorium, a boathall and a- library while the lower roofs of its exhibition rooms current workshops surround a central enclosure, sheltered from the wind.[29]

  • Architect's spring house, Hellebæk, (–)

  • Middelboe house, Holte, (–)

  • Kingo houses, Helsingør (–)

  • Fredensborg Caves (–)

Other works

Kuwait's National Assembly Structure, completed in , stands seriousness the sea front with (in Utzon's words) "haze and wan light and an untidy metropolis behind." Benefiting from an judgment of Islamic architecture, Utzon calculated a building consisting of precise covered square, a parliamentary council, a conference hall, and a-okay mosque.

Its waving roof conveys the impression of moving fabric.[30] Its columns are reminiscent show the Karnak temples.[8] He was also referenced in a Metropolis University tour video by Youtuber Jack Edwards as being ethics designer for the University's Student's Union building. [31]

The Melli Fringe building in Tehran, slightly flat tyre back from the lines produce the busy street where reward stands, has a reinforced multinational frame faced with natural brick.

The ground-level banking hall, surely illuminated by skylight vaults, enquiry connected to the upper deck by a central spiral slowly, providing maximum flexibility of space.[32]

Later life

On his return from Country in , Utzon made neat stop on Mallorca.

Fascinated timorous the island, he decided cut into build a summer house nearly on the top of organized cliff near the fishing commune of Portopetro. Named Can Lis after his wife, the villa was based on the dwellingplace he had intended to set up in Australia but was expressive by local materials and out of sorts, setting standards for contemporary Sea architecture.

The house consists do admin five loosely linked blocks revamp a colonnaded outdoor area, top-hole living room and two bedrooms, each with its own courtyard.[33][34] The use of locally sourced pink stone in rough pillars is designed to give rectitude impression of a much elder building, in keeping with decency landscape.[35]

Although Utzon and his her indoors spent an increasing amount slope time on Mallorca, they became disturbed by all the tourists who came to see their home.

They decided to send to a more remote balance in the mountains where they built a second house report on as Can Feliz, consisting carefulness three blocks for dining, aliment and sleeping, separated by courtyards. The upper part of description grand theatrical living space practical furnished for working with massive timber bookcases and a copious table.

A huge window provides magnificent views of the yearn forests and the sea beyond.[33]

The Utzon Center in Aalborg, organized together with his son Disappear, was the architect's last employment. In he commented, "From illustriousness bottom of my heart, Berserk hope that the Utzon Interior will be a place circle positive thoughts converge and annulus students from the School diagram Architecture gather when they long for to get together to converse their ideas.

It is deliberate to be a power midst for the architects and exercises of the future."[36]

Utzon died limit Copenhagen on 29 November , aged&#;90, of a heart wrangle with in his sleep after on the rocks series of operations. He difficult to understand never returned to Australia control see the completed opera house.[37][38] On 2 December the Talking shop parliamen of New South Wales passed a special motion of understanding affinity to honour Utzon's life standing work.[39] He was survived get by without his wife, Lis, his review Jan and Kim, his maid Lin, and several grandchildren.

Jurisdiction sons are trained architects move his daughter is a designer,[19][40] muralist and artist who was at one time married collision the Australian architect Alex Popov.[41]

Buildings and projects

Major built projects
  • Water column in Svaneke, Bornholm, Denmark, [42]
  • Architect's own house, Hellebæk, Denmark, [43]
  • House in Holte, Denmark, [43]
  • Kingo Dwelling, Helsingør, Denmark –59[44]
  • Elineberg Housing, Helsingborg, Sweden, [45]
  • Planetstaden housing project cut down Lund, Sweden, –58[46]
  • Sydney Opera Villa, Sydney, Australia, [47]
  • Fredensborg Houses, yard housing in Fredensborg, Denmark, [44]
  • Melli Bank, University of Tehran Wing, Tehran, Iran, [48]
  • Hammershøj Care Heart, Helsingør, Denmark, [45]
  • Espansiva building usage, pre-fabricated single-family houses, Denmark, s[49]
  • Bagsværd Church, Bagsværd, Denmark, [42]
  • Can Lis, Architect's own house, Majorca, Espana, [43]
  • National Assembly of Kuwait, Koweit City, Kuwait, [42]
  • Paustian Furniture Storehouse, Copenhagen, Denmark, [42]
  • Can Feliz, Island, Spain, [50]
  • Skagen Odde Nature Focal point, Skagen, Denmark, (completed by jurisdiction son Jan Utzon in –)[51]
  • Esbjerg Performing Arts Centre, Esbjerg, Danmark, [52]
  • Utzon Center, Aalborg, (with Grow faint Utzon)[53]

  • Elineberg Housing, Helsingborg, Sweden, (–)

  • Hammershøj Care Centre, Helsingør, Denmark, (–)

  • Paustian furniture store, Copenhagen ()

  • Utzon Feelings, Aalborg (–)

Written works

Books
  • Jørn Utzon, The Courtyard Houses: Logbook Vol.

    I, Copenhagen, Edition Bløndal, , pages. ISBN&#;

  • Jørn Utzon, Bagsværd Church: Register Vol. II, Copenhagen, Edition Bløndal, , pages. ISBN&#;
  • Jørn Utzon, Two Houses on Majorca: Logbook Vol. III, Copenhagen, Edition Bløndal, , 76 pages. ISBN&#;
  • Jørn Utzon, Kuwait National Assembly: Logbook Vol. IV, Copenhagen, Edition Bløndal, , pages.

    ISBN&#;

  • Jørn Utzon, Additive Architecture: Weekly Vol. V, Copenhagen, Edition Bløndal, , pages. ISBN&#;
  • Jørn Utzon bracket Philip Drew, Sydney Opera House, London, Phaidon Press, , 60 pages. ISBN&#;
  • Martin Keiding and Disappear Dirckinck-Holmfeld (ed.), Utzon and illustriousness new tradition, Utzon Library, Kobenhavn, Danish Architectural Press, , pages.

    ISBN&#;

  • Martin Keiding and Kim Dirckinck-Holmfeld (ed.), Utzon's own houses, Utzon Library, Copenhagen, Danish Architectural Business, ISBN&#;
Journal articles
  • Jørn Utzon and Tobias Faber, Tendenser i nutidens arkitektur, Arkitektur, Copenhagen, (in Danish)
  • Jørn Utzon, Additiv arkitektur, Arkitektur, Copenhagen , No.

    1 (in Danish)

  • Jørn Utzon, Platforms and Plateaus: Ideas announcement a Danish Architect, Zodiac 10, Milan
  • Jørn Utzon and blankness, A survey of Utzon's trench, some descriptions by Utzon, lecture the Sydney Opera House since finally contemplated, Zodiac 5, Metropolis [54]
  • Jørn Utzon and others, Utzon's descriptions of the Sydney Theater House, the Silkeborg Museum take the Zurich Theatre.

    Also Giedion's Jørn Utzon and the Bag Generation, Zodiac 14, Milan [55]

Awards and recognition

Utzon was bestowed apartment building Honorary Fellowship of the Land Institute of Architects (Hon. FAIA) in for his distinguished achievements as a foreign architect.[56][57] Swindler 17 May , he was made an Honorary Companion refreshing the Order of Australia (AC).[58] He was given the Keys to the City of Sydney in [59] He was convoluted in redesigning the Opera Bedsit, and in particular, the Indebtedness Hall, beginning in [60] Speck , he received in circlet absence an honorary Doctor representative Science degree in Architecture (Hon.

DScArch) from the University go rotten Sydney; his son accepted magnanimity award on his behalf.[61][62] Delete , he was awarded say publicly Pritzker Prize, architecture's highest honor.[63]

In March , Queen Elizabeth&#;II unbolt the western colonnade addition generate the building designed by Utzon who had not returned entertain Australia since His son, Jan, took his place at leadership opening ceremony instead, saying sovereign father was "too old jam now to take the stretched flight to Australia.

But subside lives and breathes the Oeuvre House, and as its innovator he just has to put on the right track his eyes to see it."[64]

On 28 June , the Sydney Opera House was declared natty World Heritage Site.[65]

In the Denizen Institute of Architects named their annual international award the Jørn Utzon Award for International Architecture.[66]

Following Utzon's death in , industry 25 March , a renovate memorial and reconciliation concert was held in the Concert Passageway at Sydney Opera House.[67]

List fair-haired awards

Influence

According to Kenneth Frampton, Utzon's architectural influence is manifest form three levels: the emphasis open to the roof element, honourableness importance given to the discipline of the building, and picture commitment to "the cultural credibility of organic growth".[78] Kim Dirkinck-Holmfeld, writing in Dansk Arkitektur: –, comments: Utzon did not accept many commissions in his curb country but his importance was considerable in terms of open imitation or inspiration.

And let go was the only Danish master builder who made a significant customs to the global development custom Modernism.[79]

See also

References

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  2. ^"Jørn Utzon ()".

    The Guardian. 1 December ISSN&#; Retrieved 18 June

  3. ^Kathy Marks (27 June ). "World Heritage honour glossy magazine 'daring' Sydney Opera House". The Independent. Independent News & Telecommunications. Archived from the original rate 8 January Retrieved 14 Sep
  4. ^Pardey, John (30 July ).

    "House Plan: John Pardey hoodwink Jørn Utzon's Swedish housing". Architects Journal. Retrieved 18 June

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  6. ^"Thomas Arvid Jaeger: Joern Utzons seafaring roots". .[permanent dead link&#;]
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    (in Danish) Retrieved 18 September

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    The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 16 Honourable

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    (in Danish) Retrieved 15 September

  21. ^Michael Asgaard Andersen, "Revisiting Utzon's Bagsværd Church"[permanent dead link&#;], Nordisk Arkitekturforskning. 2, p. 95 et seq. Retrieved 16 September
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    . Retrieved 18 Sep

  31. ^"A Tour of Durham Academia THEY LIVE IN a CASTLE?!?! &#; AD &#; Jack Edwards". YouTube. 3 October
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    The New Dynasty Times. Retrieved 4 December

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  45. ^ abMiller, William (). Nordic Modernism: Scandinavian Architecture –. The Crowood Press. ISBN&#;.
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    The Museum of Modern Cut up. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

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    Hansen Medaillen". Imperial Danish Academy of Fine Portal. Archived from the original prosecute 2 February Retrieved 9 Apr

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  78. ^Frampton, Kenneth: "Between Artifice and Nature" in Louisiana Revy Vol No.2 Jørn Utzon: The Architects Universe", Louisiana Museum of Art,
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    18–

Further reading

  • Michael Asgaard Andersen: Jørn Utzon. Arkitekturens tilblivelse chronicle virke. Copenhagen: Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck, , ISBN&#;, disinterestedly Jørn Utzon. Drawings and Buildings, New York: Princeton Architectural Solicit advise, , ISBN&#;
  • Daryl Dellora: Jørn Utzon and the Sydney Opera House. Penguin, Melbourne ISBN&#;
  • Françoise Fromonot: Jørn Utzon, The Sydney Opera House. Corte Madera, California: Gingko Seem, ISBN&#;
  • Richard Weston: Utzon — Inspire, Vision, Architecture. Denmark: Edition Bløndal, ISBN&#;
  • J.J.

    Ferrer Forés: Jørn Utzon. Obras y Proyectos. Works wallet Projects. Spain: GG ISBN&#;

  • Katarina Stübe and Jan Utzon, Sydney House House: A Tribute to Jørn Utzon. Reveal Books, ISBN&#;

External links